Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD > behaviours of tumours > Flashcards

behaviours of tumours Flashcards

1
Q

define invasive tumour

A

Invades adjacent normal tissue

Destroys normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do characteristics do tumours need in order to have the ability to invade

A

increased motility- movement
decreased adhesion
production of proteolytic enzymes.
mechanical pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what molecule enables cell to cell adhesions

A

cadherins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what molecule enables cell to matrix adhesion

A

intergrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are epithelial cells polarised, and closely connected

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are mesencymal cells loosely connected

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what change occurs in epithelial cell of a tumour which enables them to invade and migrate

A

epithelial cells become mesenchymal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinases

A

degrade extracellular matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does cancer favour matrix metalloproteinases than tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and what is the function of matrix metalloproteinases

A

Yes

extracellular matrix break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of interstitial collagenases

A

destroy collagen types I, II, III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of gelatinises.

A

destroy collagen type IV, gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of stomolysins

A

destroy collagen type IV, proteoglycans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what effect does mechanical pressure of a tumour have

A

Uncontrolled proliferation forms mass
Pressure occludes vessels
Pressure atrophy
Spread along lines of least resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is direct seeding method of metastases also known as

A

Transcoelomic- across peritoneal, plueral, pericardial cavities or CSF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 4 methods of metastases

A
  • Lymphtics- Distant or local lymph nodes
  • Blood- liver, lungs, bone brain etc
  • Transcoelomic- across peritoneal, plueral, pericardial cavities or CSF.
  • Implantation- spillage of tumour in biopsy or surgery.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the mechanical hypothesis of metastases

A

metastases is determined by anatomy- e.g lymphatic drainage of liver meets GI tract so tumour will spread along this route.

17
Q

what is the seed and soil hypothesis

A

When a plant goes to seed, its seeds are carried in all directions; but they can only live and grow if they fall on congenial soil.

18
Q

by which route do carcinomas metastases

A

lymphatic

19
Q

by which route do sarcomas metastases

A

blood spread first.

20
Q

what are the 2 types of bone metastases

A

lytic (lung) or sclerotic (prostate)

21
Q

explain the process of angiogenesis

A

new vessel formation (derived from existing vessels)

role of bone marrow as this is where the endothelial stem cells are derived from.

22
Q

when do tumours require the process of angiogeneisis to occur

A

essential if metastasis are to grow larger than 1-2 mm.

23
Q

why do we stage and grade tumours

A

Determine Prognosis – survival time, quality of life
Decide how to treat the tumour
Research – compare therapies or prognostic factors
Stage and grade are still the best markers we have for these uses

24
Q

define stage

A

How advanced is the tumour- prognosis

25
Q

define grade

A

how aggressive is the tumour? How different does it look from tissue of origin.

26
Q

tumour cells, stromal cells and inflammatory cells all promote which factor required in angiogenesis

A

VEGF

27
Q

what does TNM staging stand for

A
  • T = TUMOUR
  • M = METASTASES
  • N = NODES
28
Q

does each organ have a individual TNF system

A

yes

29
Q

explain what each of these stand for

A 
T = Size +/- extent of primary tumour
M = Presence and extent of distant metastases
N = Presence and number of lymph node metastases
30
Q

what staging is used for colorectal cancer

A

duke’s staging

31
Q

explain the duke staging.

A
  • A = invades into, but not through bowel wall
  • B = invades through the bowel wall but with no lymph node metastases
  • C = Local lymph nodes involved
  • D = Distant metastases
32
Q

does survival rate decrease with metastases

A

Yes

33
Q

what is used to determine grading

A

histopathologies

MOD (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions