Benign Uterus, Cervix, Ovary, and Fallopian Tubes

Question 1

What is the cause of congenital anomalies of the uterus

Answer 1

Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse

Question 2

What is the cause of congenital anomalies of the cervix

Answer 2

Malfusion of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 3

What is the most common neoplasm of the uterus

Answer 3

Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)

Question 4

Sx’s = spherical, well-circumscribed, firm lesions with whorled appearance on cut section

Answer 4

Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)

Question 5

What is the most common indication for a hysterectomy

Answer 5

Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)

Question 6

What is the first line Tx for Uterine leiomyomas

Answer 6

OCP’s or the ring

Question 7

Sx’s = menorrhagia, spontaneous/postmenopausal bleeding with thickened endometrial stripe on US

Answer 7

Endometrial polyp

Question 8

How do Nabothian cervical cysts form

Answer 8

Squamous metaplasia traps columnar cells beneath them while the columnar cells continue to secrete mucus

Question 9

Sx’s = opaque with yellow/bluish hue

Answer 9

Nabothian cervical cyst

Question 10

Sx’s = beefy red polyp on cervix that is the most common type and may cause coital bleeding/menorrhagia

Answer 10

Endocervical

Question 11

Sx’s = pale polyp on cervix that may cause coital bleeding/menorrhagia

Answer 11

Ectocervical

Question 12

What are the classifications of endometrial hyperplasia and what is their risk of becoming cancerous

Answer 12

Simple w/out atypia = 1%
Complex w/out atypia = 3%
Simple w/ atypia = 9%
Complex w/ atypia = 27%

Question 13

What are the Sx’s of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 13

Intermenstrual, heavy/prolonged unexplained bleeding

Question 14

What is the Tx for the different types of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 14

W/out atypia = Progestin

W/ atypia = hysterectomy

Question 15

Def = cyst lined by granulosa cells and d/t failure of ovarian follicle to rupture

Answer 15

Follicular

Question 16

Def = cyst that develops in CL d/t failure of the CL to regress after 14 days

Answer 16

Lutein

Question 17

Def = cyst caused by hemorrhage into the CL

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic

Question 18

Def = enlarged ovaries with multiple simple follicle cysts

Answer 18

PCOS

Question 19

Def = cysts that develop in pts with high serum hCG and are commonly b/l

Answer 19

Theca-Lutein

Question 20

How do Theca-Lutein cysts typically disappear

Answer 20

Regress after removal of gonadotropin

Question 21

Def = cyst caused by hyperplastic rxn of ovarian theca cells d/t prolonged hCG

Answer 21

Luteoma of Pregnancy

Question 22

How does a Luteoma of Pregnancy disappear

Answer 22

Regress postpartum

Question 23

What is the main Tx for asymptomatic and premenopausal pts with functional cysts

Answer 23

OCP’s

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Epithelial ovarian neoplasms

Answer 24

Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Brenner tumor

Question 25

What is seen on histology of Serous cystadenomas

Answer 25

Psammoma bodies

Question 26

What are mucinous cystadenomas associated with

Answer 26

Mucocele of the appendix | Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 27

What type of cells make up Brenner tumors

Answer 27

Transitional epithelium

Question 28

What are the 3 types of Sex-Cord stromal ovarian tumors

Answer 28

Granulosa-Theca cell Sertoli-Leydig cell Fibroma

Question 29

What are the Sx's of Granulosa-Theca cell ovarian tumors

Answer 29

Secrete E: Precocious menarche Postmenopausal bleeding Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 30

What are the Sx's of Sertoli-Leydig cell ovarian tumors

Answer 30

Produce androgens: Virilization Clitoromegaly

Question 31

What are Fibroma ovarian tumors associated with

Answer 31

Meigs syndrome: Ascites Hydrothorax Ovarian fibroma

Question 32

What is the most common type of solid ovarian tumor

Answer 32

Fibroma

Question 33

What is the Tx for Sex-Cord stromal ovarian tumors

Answer 33

U/l salpingo-oophorectomy

Question 34

What is the most common type of Germ cell ovarian tumor which is also the most common benign ovarian neoplasm in all premenopausal women

Answer 34

Benign cystic teratoma (Dermoid cyst)

Question 35

What is the median age of onset of dermoid cysts

Answer 35

30 yo

Question 36

What is Rokintansky's Protuberance

Answer 36

Junction between teratoma and normal ovarian tissue where cancers are found

Question 37

What is the Tx of Germ cell ovarian tumors

Answer 37

Ovarian cystectomy

Question 38

Def = ovary and fallopian tube twist

Answer 38

Adnexal torsion

Question 39

Def = only the fallopian tube twists

Answer 39

Isolated torsion

Question 40

What is the Tx for an ovarian torsion

Answer 40

Ovarian cystectomy

Question 41

When would you use a salpingo-oophorectomy to Tx an ovarian torsion

Answer 41

When the ovary is necrotic

Question 42

Def = fluid filled tubes from previous infection

Answer 42

Hydrosalpinx

Question 43

Def = purulent filled tubes from active infection

Answer 43

Pyosalpinx