Fallopian Tube and Ovary Pathology

Question 1

What are the most common bacterial cause of acute salpingitis?

Answer 1

Gonococcus

Chlamydia

Question 2

Morph: minute, translucent cysts filed with clear serous fluid that are remnants of the mullerian ducts

Answer 2

Paratubal cysts

Question 3

What fallopian tumor presents as a mass detect via pelvic exam with abnormal discharge, bleeding, and an abnormal Pap smear?

Answer 3

Primary Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tubes

Question 4

Def: unruptured or quickly sealed graafian follicles

Answer 4

Follicle/Luteal cysts

Question 5

Cysts filled with clear, serous fluid and lined by gray, glistening membrane or yellow tissue

Answer 5

Follicle/Luteal cysts

Question 6

Def: endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation, and decreased fertility

Answer 6

PCOS

Question 7

What is the etiology of PCOS

Answer 7

Dysregulation of enzymes involved in androgen biosynthesis

Question 8

PCOS is associated with an increased risk of _____ and _____

Answer 8

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 9

Morph: b/l hypercellular stroma and luteinization of stroma with uniform enlargement of the ovary and a white/tan appearance on sectioning

Answer 9

Stromal Hyperthecosis

Question 10

What are the most common age ranges for benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 10

Benign = 20-45 yo
Malignant = 45-65 yo

Question 11

What is used as a serum marker for epithelial ovarian tumors

Answer 11

CA-125

Question 12

What can decrease the risk of developing serous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 12

OCP’s

Tubal ligation

Question 13

What mutation is associated with serous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 13

BRCA1/2

Question 14

What are the characteristics of low-grade serous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 14

Well-differentiated

KRAS, BRA, ERBB2, TP53 mutations

Question 15

What are the characteristics of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 15

Poorly-differentiated

TP53, PIK3CA, RB, BRCA1/2 mutations

Question 16

Morph: smooth, glistening cyst wall with small papillary projections and presence of psammoma bodies

Answer 16

Serous epithelial ovarian tumor

Question 17

What is an extra-ovarian association with serous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 17

Ascited

Question 18

What mutation is often seen in mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors?

Answer 18

KRAS

Question 19

Morph: u/l, multiloculated tumors filled with sticky, gelatinous fluid

Answer 19

Mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors

Question 20

Def: extensive mucinous ascites, cystic epithelial implants on peritoneal surfaces, adhesions, and involvement of the ovaries

Answer 20

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Question 21

What are is the mutation seen in endometrioid ovarian tumors

Answer 21

PI3K/AKT

Question 22

Morph: b/l glandular pattern similar to those of endometrial origin

Answer 22

Endometrioid ovarian tumor

Question 23

Def: neoplastic epithelial cells resembling urothelium

Answer 23

Transitional ovarian tumor (AKA Brenner Tumor)

Question 24

Morph: u/l fibrous stroma marked by sharply demarcated nests of epithelial cells resembling the epithelium of the urinary tract

Answer 24

Transitional ovarian tumor/Brenner tumor

Question 25

Morph: b/l unilocular cysts containing hair and sebaceous material with walls made of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 25

Dermoid cysts (Benign/Mature Teratoma)

Question 26

Morph: bulky cyst with smooth external surface and solid on sectioning

Answer 26

Immature/Malignant Teratoma

Question 27

What age group are Immature/Malignant teratomas typically seen?

Answer 27

~ 18 yo

Question 28

Def: u/l ovarian cyst containing thyroid tissue

Answer 28

Struma Ovarii

Question 29

Def: u/l ovarian cyst containing GI tissue

Answer 29

Ovarian Carcinoid

Question 30

What mutations are seen in Dysgerminomas

Answer 30

OCT-3/4 | NANOG

Question 31

Morph: u/l cyst with solid, yellow-white/gray-pink appearance and soft, fleshy feel on cut surface

Answer 31

Dysgerminoma

Question 32

Sx's = ab pain, u/l rapidly growing pelvic mass, elaboration of AFP

Answer 32

Yolk sac tumor

Question 33

Morph: Glomerulus-like structure made of central blood vessel enveloped by tumor cells (Schiller-Duval body) and hyaline droplets

Answer 33

Yolk sac tumor

Question 34

Morph: u/l encapsulated masses with yellow coloration on cut surface and Call-exner bodies (small, distinctive, gland-like structures filled with acidophilic material)

Answer 34

Granulosa cell tumor (Sex Cord-Stromal tumor)

Question 35

What Sx's are associated with Granulosa cell tumors in children?

Answer 35

Precocious puberty

Question 36

What Sx's are associated with Granulosa cell tumors in adults?

Answer 36

Proliferative breast disease Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial carcinoma

Question 37

Granulosa cell tumors have elevated _____ and mutations in _____

Answer 37

Inhibin | FOXL2

Question 38

Morph: u/l, solid, encapsulated, gray-white masses covered by glistening, intact ovarian serosa with well-differentiated fibroblasts

Answer 38

Fibromas

Question 39

Sx's = Pelvic mass with pain, ascites, and hydrothorax

Answer 39

Fibrothecoma (Meigs syndrome)

Question 40

Fibrothecomas are associated with which syndrome

Answer 40

Basal cell nevus syndrome

Question 41

Which tumors produce masculinization or defeminization of women?

Answer 41

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

Question 42

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors have what mutation?

Answer 42

DICER1

Question 43

Morph: u/l, solid mass with gray to golden brown appearance on cut surface and a range of cell differentiation

Answer 43

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

Question 44

Def: GI carcinoma that metastasized to ovaries creating b/l masses composed of signet-ring cancer cells of gastric origin

Answer 44

Krukenberg tumor