between subjects design Flashcards
(10 cards)
Which statement best characterizes a between-subjects experimental design?
Participants are randomly selected from two different populations.
Each participant is assigned to one condition of the experiment.
Each participant is assigned to every condition of the experiment.
Participants are assigned to a random number of conditions.
Participants are randomly selected from two different populations.
-Each participant is assigned to one condition of the experiment.
Each participant is assigned to every condition of the experiment.
Participants are assigned to a random number of conditions.
A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition. How many scores were obtained for each participant?
1
4
20
80
-1
4
20
80
In a between-subjects design, ____.
only one score is obtained for each participant
at least two scores are obtained for each participant
one score is
obtained for each treatment condition for each participant
each score represents multiple participants
-only one score is obtained for each participant
at least two scores are obtained for each participant
one score is obtained for each treatment condition for each participant
each score represents multiple participants
In a between-subjects design, the separate groups must be as ____.
similar in participant characteristics as possible
different in all environmental variables as possible
similar in treatment conditions as possible
similar on the dependent variable measures as possible.
-similar in participant characteristics as possible
different in all environmental variables as possible
similar in treatment conditions as possible
similar on the dependent variable measures as possible.
Why is random assignment used in between-subjects experimental designs?
to hold participant characteristics constant
to ensure a nonbiased sample
to ensure anonymity of the research participants
to eliminate systematic differences between the groups
to hold participant characteristics constant
to ensure a nonbiased sample
to ensure anonymity of the research participants
-to eliminate systematic differences between the groups
Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens ____ and
weakens ____.
internal validity; external validity
external validity; internal validity
reliability; validity
accuracy; reliability
-internal validity; external validity
external validity; internal validity
reliability; validity
accuracy; reliability
A limitation of using matching rather than random assignment to form groups in a between-subjects experiment is that matching ____.
requires another level of work
increases error due to participant differences
requires at least twice as many participants
increases the need for control groups
-requires another level of work
increases error due to participant differences
requires at least twice as many participants
increases the need for control groups
In a between-subjects design, large individual differences can produce ____.
large between-treatment differences, making it easier to see real treatment effects
small within-treatment variance, making it easier to see real treatment effects
large within-treatment variance, making it difficult to see real treatment effects
small between-treatment difference, making it difficult to see real treatment effects
large between-treatment differences, making it easier to see real treatment effects
small within-treatment variance, making it easier to see real treatment effects
-large within-treatment variance, making it difficult to see real treatment effects
small between-treatment difference, making it difficult to see real treatment effects
The single-factor two-group design includes ____.
only two levels of one independent variable
a treatment and a control group
two dependent variables
multiple treatment and control groups
-only two levels of one independent variable
a treatment and a control group
two dependent variables
multiple treatment and control groups
What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?
ANOVA
independent-measures t test
repeated-measures t test
regression
-ANOVA
independent-measures t test
repeated-measures t test
regression
