within subjects design Flashcards
(10 cards)
How many participants would be needed for a within-subjects experiment comparing four different treatment conditions with a total of 20 scores in each treatment?
20
40
80
anywhere from 20 to 80
-20
40
80
anywhere from 20 to 80
In a within-subjects research study, factors that change over time, such as history and maturation, can be threats to ____.
internal validity only
external validity only
both internal and external validity
neither internal nor external validity
-internal validity only
external validity only
both internal and external validity
neither internal nor external validity
In a within-subjects study that extends over a relatively long time, it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants’ skills or knowledge during the time of the study. When these changes influence the participants’ scores, causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning, the effect is called ____.
history effects
instrumentation
maturation
regression toward the mean
history effects
instrumentation
-maturation
regression toward the mean
In a within-subjects design, the term “participant attrition” refers to the possibility that ____.
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because of outside events
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because of changes in the
measuring instrument
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because the participants gain
experience in each treatment
some of the individuals in the study may leave without completing all of the treatment
conditions
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because of outside events
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because of changes in the
measuring instrument
the scores may differ from one treatment to another because the participants gain
experience in each treatment
-some of the individuals in the study may leave without completing all of the treatment
conditions
In a study with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions that extends over a relatively long time, it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants’ physiology or psychology that occur during the time of the study. When these changes influence the participants’ scores, causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning, the effect is called ____.
history
instrumentation
maturation
regression toward the mean
history
instrumentation
-maturation
regression toward the mean
When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time, which factor can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?
history
selection bias
practice
fatigue
history
selection bias
-practice
fatigue
A researcher would like to conduct an experiment, but is concerned about strong order effects. One solution is to use a ____.
within-subjects design
between-subjects design
correlational design
descriptive strategy
within-subjects design
-between-subjects design
correlational design
descriptive strategy
What is the effect of counterbalancing?
It eliminates order effects.
It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions.
It eliminates individual differences.
It spreads individual differences evenly across treatment conditions.
It eliminates order effects.
-It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions.
It eliminates individual differences.
It spreads individual differences evenly across treatment conditions.
For an experiment that compares two treatment conditions with ten scores in each treatment, which design would require the smallest number of participants?
between participants
within participants
matched subjects
all designs would require the same number of participants
between participants
-within participants
matched subjects
all designs would require the same number of participants
A matched-subjects design attempts to eliminate the problems associated with ____ that are a concern for between-subjects designs and also eliminate the problems associated with ____ that are a concern for within-subjects designs.
order effects; order effects
order effects; individual differences
individual differences; individual differences
individual differences; order effects
order effects; order effects
order effects; individual differences
individual differences; individual differences
-individual differences; order effects
