non experimental designs Flashcards
(10 cards)
Which study illustrates a nonexperimental study?
a study comparing self-esteem scores for children with a learning disability versus scores for children without a learning disability
a study comparing depression scores for one group that is assigned to receive a therapy versus another group that is assigned not to receive a therapy
a study comparing performance in a room where the walls have been painted yellow versus performance in a room painted blue
a study comparing cognitive functioning scores for one group of Alzheimer’s patients who are assigned to receive memory therapy versus another group that is assigned not to receive therapy
-a study comparing self-esteem scores for children with a learning disability versus scores for children without a learning disability
a study comparing depression scores for one group that is assigned to receive a therapy versus another group that is assigned not to receive a therapy
a study comparing performance in a room where the walls have been painted yellow versus performance in a room painted blue
a study comparing cognitive functioning scores for one group of Alzheimer’s patients who are assigned to receive memory therapy versus another group that is assigned not to receive therapy
Although nonexperiments resemble true experiments, they contain ____ and cannot ____.
threats to internal validity; generalize to other situations
threats to external validity; generalize to other situations
threats to internal validity; establish causal relationships
threats to external validity; establish causal relationships
threats to internal validity; generalize to other situations
threats to external validity; generalize to other situations
-threats to internal validity; establish causal relationships
threats to external validity; establish causal relationships
A researcher compares preexisting groups of individuals in which type of study?
between-subjects experiment
within-subjects experiment
nonequivalent group design
pre-post design
between-subjects experiment
within-subjects experiment
-nonequivalent group design
pre-post design
The concept of nonequivalent groups means ____.
the researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent.
the two groups have completely different characteristics.
the researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal.
the number of participants is different from one group to another.
-the researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent.
the two groups have completely different characteristics.
the researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal.
the number of participants is different from one group to another.
Which threat occurs in nonequivalent group designs because the groups may have different participant characteristics?
history effects
instrumentation effects
regression toward the mean
assignment bias
history effects
instrumentation effects
regression toward the mean
-assignment bias
A problem with nonequivalent group designs is that any differences found could be explained by differences in ____.
participant characteristics
history
instrumentation
testing effects
-participant characteristics
history
instrumentation
testing effects
Last fall, a state college introduced a one-week study skills course for new freshmen students. At the end of the academic year, the college compared the grades and dropout rate for their freshmen with the corresponding measurements for freshmen at a neighboring state college. This study is an example of a ____.
posttest-only nonequivalent control group design
pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design
differential research design
time-series design
-posttest-only nonequivalent control group design
pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design
differential research design
time-series design
A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by ____.
cohort effects
participant attrition
differential history effects
assignment bias
cohort effects
-participant attrition
differential history effects
assignment bias
The concept of nonequivalent groups means that the number of participants is different from one group to another. True
False
True
-False
The changes that occur as a person ages from child to adult to elderly are called cohort effects.
True
False
True
-False
