BGM1002/L11 Carbohydrates II Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is maltose?
Disaccharide of glucose + glucose
Major product generated from starch digestion
What is lactose?
Disaccharide of glucose + galactose
Milk sugar
What is sucrose?
Disaccharide of glucose + fructose
Transport form of carbohydrate from plants (table sugar)
Name 2 important energy storage molecules in the human body.
Starch
Glycogen
What types of glycosidic bond exist in starch and glycogen?
Alpha-1,4
Alpha-1,6
Where can starch be found? (2)
Plants
Human food sources
Where is glycogen found?
Animals
Which end of a polysaccharide is the reducing end?
Terminal in which C1 is unattached
Which end of a polysaccharide is the non-reducing end?
The terminal in which C1 is involved in a glycosidic bond
Cannot reduce other molecules
What causes some polysaccharides to twist into a helical structure?
Alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds
Why is a helical structure favourable for sugars? (2)
More compact
Easily accessible
Where is cellulose found?
Plant cell walls
What causes cellulose chains to be planar?
Beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds
How do cellulose chains pack together?
Hydrogen bonds between chains
Where is peptidoglycan found?
Bacterial cell walls
What is a glycoconjugate?
A carbohydrate covalently bonded to other molecules e.g., proteins and lipids
Give a function of glycolipids.
Receptors for cell recognition
What are N- and O-linked glycoproteins
N- nitrogen-linked
O- oxygen-linked
What 3 functions does N-glycosylation have?
Protein folding
Stability
Cell recognition
What are N-linked glycoproteins attached to?
Amide group of asparagines
What are O-linked glycoproteins attached to?
Hydroxyl group of serine or threonine
What kind of glycosylation plays a role in mucins?
O-glycosylation
What is a glycosaminoglycan?
Protein attached via O-linkage to polysaccharides
Give 2 functions of proteoglycans.
Joint lubricants
Structural components of ECM
Mediate adhesion of cells to ECM
Bind factors that stimulate cell proliferation
