BGM1002/L13 DNA Flashcards
Give 3 functions of DNA.
Genetic coding
Storage within cell
Accessibility for transcription
Replication
Meiosis
Genome integrity
What is the Central Dogma of biology?
DNA-mRNA-protein
What is DNA wrapped around?
Histone octamers
What are coiled histone called?
Nucleosomes/chromatin
What is the error rate of a genome per division?
1 per 10^10
Describe the Griffiths experiment (1928).
Smooth and rough viral strains
Smooth sample killed mice
Rough sample did not kill mice
Mixed sample killed mice due to genetic transformation
Describe the Avery, McLead & McCarthy experiment (1994).
Separated smooth and rough viral components
Boiled smooth strain, mixed with rough strain
Only when DNA was injected did mice die
Observed that DNA was genetic material
Describe the Hershey & Chase experiment (1952).
Growing of bacteriophage
Labelled DNA or protein in bacteriophages
Blending shared phases from bacteria
Virus found in supernatant
DNA found in bacteriophages
Name the 2 purines.
Adenine, Guanine
Name the 3 pyramidines.
Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
What is a nucleoside?
Base + sugar
What is a nucleotide?
Base + sugar + phosphate
In a purine, which carbon and nitrogen are bonds formed on?
Purine N9
Sugar C1’
In a pyramidine, which carbon and nitrogen are bonds formed on?
Pyramidine N1
Sugar C1’
What charge does the phosphate backbone of DNA have?
Acidic/negative
