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Biology 108 > Bio 108 - Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Bio 108 - Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

5 Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

A

1) Multicelular
2) Lack cell walls
3) Chemoheterotrophs
4) Sexual
5) Animate

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2
Q

4 Characteristics unique to Animals

A

1) Extracellular Collagen
2) 3 Unique types of intercellular Junction
3) Homeobox Genes
4) Hox Genes

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3
Q

3 Types of intercellular Junctions

A

1) Tight Junctions
2) Desmosomes
3) Gap Junctions

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4
Q

Anisogamy
An =
Iso =

A
  • Small motile sperm, large nonmotile egg
    An = Not
    Iso= Same
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5
Q

What is Cleavage?

A

When a diploid zygote undergoes a number of mitotic cell divisions

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6
Q

What is a Blastula?

Blast = ?

A

A hollow ball of cells made from cleavage

Blast = Sprout, germinate

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7
Q

What is gastrulation

Gaster =

A

When the blastula invaginated at one end

Gaster = Stomach

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8
Q

What are the two layers of cells the Gastrula has?

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Derm = Skin

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9
Q

Direct vs Indirect Development

A

Direct: Embyro continues gradually on towards adult form
Indirect: Involves intervening (Larvae) stages who’s morphology differs greatly from sexually mature adult step

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10
Q

The three splits in Traditional Tree

A

1) Split based on precedes of True Tissue
2) Split based on symmetry
3) Split based on embryonic development of bilateria

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11
Q

Animals With / Without True Tissue

A

Without: Sponges and Placozoans
With: Eumetazoa (all other animals)

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12
Q

Radial vs Bilateral Symmetry

A

Radia: Has top and bottom but no left or right
Bilateral: Has top, bottom, left and right

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13
Q

What are Bilateria?

A

The clade of Bilaterally Symmetrical animals

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14
Q

Characteristics of Bilateria

A
  • Tripoblastic
  • Some have hollow fluid filled body cavity
  • Some have solidly packed with no body cavity (Acoelomates)
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15
Q

What are Acoelomates?

coel =

A

Bilaterians that are solidly packed with no body cavity

Coel = Cavity, Hollow

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16
Q

Cavity + Group

A

Eucoelomates

Pseudoelomate

17
Q

Eucoelomate Characteristics

A

Have a body cavity that is completely lines with mesoderm ally derived tissues

18
Q

Pseudoelomate

A

Animals lack complete mesodermal lining

19
Q

3 Functions of Cavity + Group

A
  • Cushions Internal Organs
  • Allows internal organs to shift without deforming the outside body
  • Fluid filled cavity can be used as hydrostatic skeleton
20
Q

Characteristics of Protostomia

A
  • First invagination of the gastrula becomes the mouth
  • Has Spiral cleavage
  • Cleavage is determinate
  • Solid blocks of mesoderm split internally to create fluid filled hollows
21
Q

Characteristics of Deuterostomia

A
  • The second invagination becomes the mouth
  • Radial Cleavage
  • Cleavage is indeterminate
  • Mesoderm at one end pinches off to make fluid filled hollows
22
Q

Radial Cleavage vs Spiral Cleavage

A

Radial cleavage grows one on top of each other

Spiral cleavage grows in a spiral

23
Q

Schizocoely

Schiz =

A

In Protos, solid blocks of mesoderm split internally to create fluid filled hollows
Schiz = Split

24
Q

Enterocoely

Entero =

A

In Deuteros when mesoderm at one end of embryonic gut, the out pocketing of the mesoderm pinch off to make fluid filled hollows
Entero = Gut

25
Q

3 Things Traditional and New Views Agree On

A

1) Agree sponges are sister to Eumetazoa
2) Agree Bilateria is a clade
3) Agree on distinctiveness of Deuterostomia

26
Q

Things Traditional and New Views Disagree On

A

1) Constituents of and relationships among protostome phyla
2) Molecular data places some acoemlmate animals within protostomes, rather then basal to them
3) Split protostomes into two large clade, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa
4) Placement of Arthropoda

27
Q

Annelida vs Nematoda

A

Annelida Old Group, with arthropods and segmented worms

Nematoda New group, with arthropods and Unsegmented worms

28
Q

Ecdysozoa Taxa

A

Moult their entire cuticle at once in order to row

29
Q

Lophophore

Loph

A

Tenticles

Loph = Crest

30
Q

Choanoflagellata Characteristics

Choano =

A
  • Common ancestor to Animalia
  • Heterotrophic protists with single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli
  • Cell morphology very similar to sponges
    Choano = Collar
31
Q

Oldest known fossil

A

1.5 BYA - Eukaryotes

32
Q

Oldest Known Animal Fossil

A

Trace fossil - 1.1 BYA

33
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

Most Animals appeared during this (542-525) MYA

34
Q

Burgess Shale

A

Cambrian Explosion site in BC

Biology 108 (18 decks)

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