Bio 108 - Lecture 24

Question 1

Amniotes

Answer 1

• Include mammals and reptiles

Question 2

Amnyotic Egg

Answer 2

4 Extraembryonic Membranes surround the embyro

Egg shell impervious to water loss

Question 3

4 Extraembryonic membranes of the Amnyotic egg and their functions

Answer 3

1) Amnion - protects embryo
2) Yolk Salk - contains food
3) Allantois - waste disposal
4) Chorion - in contact with liquid surrounding the embryo

Question 4

Characteristics Allowing terrestrial life

Answer 4

Copulation and Internal fertilization
Waterproof skin
Muscles and rib cage

Question 5

Hylonomus

Answer 5

Earliest amnyote

Question 6

Two Major Clades of Amynotes

Answer 6

Reptilia, including birds

Snyapsida

Question 7

Skull Holes

Answer 7

• Major classification of amnyotes
• diapsid skul has two holes per side
• synapsid has one
• anapsid has zero

Question 8

Anapsid skull taxa

Answer 8

turtles

Question 9

Characteristic of Non-Avian Reptilia

Answer 9

Keratinous scales
Leathery eggshell
Ectotherms
Need very few calories

Question 10

Cloacas

Answer 10

Single opening for waste, eggs, and sperm

Question 11

Testudines

Answer 11

• Dorsal and ventral sheilds
• test = shell
• turtles
• Anapsids
• Intromittent organ

Question 12

Lepsodia: Tuataras
Lepido =
Saur =

Answer 12

Tuataras
- Teeth fused to jaw bones
- Lack intomittant organ
= scale
= lizard

Question 13

Lepsodia: Squamata

squam= scaly

Answer 13

Snakes and Lizards
- Loosely joined jaw and skull
- Paried hemipenes in male
External ear openings in lizards
No external limbs

Question 14

Crocodilia

Answer 14

Cannot chew, swallow prey or rip it into chucks

Maternal care

Question 15

Archosauria

Answer 15

Extinct group

includes pterosaurs, and non-avian dinosaurs

Question 16

Dinosours

Answer 16

dino = terror

some were endothermic

Question 17

Class Aves

Answer 17

• Birds
• Feathers are a synapomorphy
• beaks and no teeth
• no claws

Question 18

Origin of Birds

Answer 18

Evolved from velociraptor
Came from dinosaurs with feathers
Archaeopteryx - most famous extinct bird

Question 19

Characteristics of Modern Birds

Answer 19

Grind food in gizzard
Adaptions for flight
Warm blooded (endothermic)
Cloaca
Do not intromit

Question 20

Bird feathers

Answer 20

Care for feathers by preening
Move oil all over feathers and keeps them stable
Removes parasites