Bio Lecture 6

Question 1

Joints are classified according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are ______________

Answer 1

bound to each other

Question 2

Body joint, also called

Answer 2

synostosis

Question 3

________ ____ formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become, in effect, a single bone

Answer 3

immovable joint

Question 4

an infant is born with right and left mandibular bones and frontal bones, but these _____ into a single mandible and frontal bone

Answer 4

fuse

Question 5

fibrous joint, also called _________

Answer 5

synarthrosis

Question 6

_______ _____ a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them and penetrate into the matrix of the other bone

Answer 6

fibrous joint

Question 7

three kinds of sutures

Answer 7

serrate sutures

lap sutures

plane sutures

Question 8

_____ sutures - appear as wavy lines along the adjoining bones, firmly interlocking them

Answer 8

serrate

sagittal suture

Question 9

_____ sutures (squamous sutures) - occur where two flat bones have overlapping edges

Answer 9

lap

squamous suture

Question 10

_____ sutures - occur where two bones have straight, non-overlapping edges

Answer 10

plane

suture between left and right palatine process of the maxilla

Question 11

The attachment of a tooth to its socket

the ligament allows the tooth to move a little under the stress of chewing

Answer 11

gomphoses

Question 12

______ - fibrous joints in which the bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis, giving the bones more mobility

Answer 12

syndesmoses

shafts of the ulna and radius are connected by an interosseous membrane which allows the forearm to rotate

Question 13

Cartilaginous Joint (also called _______)

Answer 13

amphiarthroses

Question 14

bones are linked by _______

Answer 14

Cartilage

Question 15

______ - joints in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage

Answer 15

synchondroses

Question 16

temporary joint between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child, formed by the __________ plate

Answer 16

epiphyseal

Question 17

attachment of a rib to the sternum by a ________ _______ _________

Answer 17

hyaline costal cartilage

Question 18

_____ joints in which bones are joined by fibrocartilage

Answer 18

symphyses

Question 19

pubic symphysis that connects the left and right _____ bones

Answer 19

pubic

Question 20

cartilage between the bodies of two vertebrae synovial joints (also called _________) - freely movable joints

Answer 20

diarthroses

Question 21

_______ _______ - a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the connecting surface of a bone a synovial joint, serving to reduce friction and ease joint movement

Answer 21

articular cartilage

Question 22

____ _____ - narrow space between the bones in a synovial joint

Answer 22

joint cavity

Question 23

______ _____ - a lubricating fluid like egg white in consistency, found in the synovial cavities and bursae

Answer 23

synovial fluid

Question 24

____ _____ - capsule of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity and retains fluid

Answer 24

joint capsule

Question 25

______ _____ - outer portion of the joint capsule continuous with the periosteum of the bones

Answer 25

fibrous capsule

Question 26

______ _____ - inner portion with fibroblast-like cells that secrete synovial fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity

Answer 26

synovial membrane

Question 27

______ ___ - fibrocartilage that grows inward from the joint capsule to form a pad between the articular bones

Answer 27

articular disc

Question 28

______ - crescent-shaped cartilages in the knee that absorb shock and guide bones across each other

Answer 28

meniscus

Question 29

_____ - a collagenous band or cord associated with a muscle, usually attaching it to a bone and transferring muscular tension to it

Answer 29

tendon

Question 30

_______ - a cord or band of tough collagenous tissue binding one organ to another, especially one bone to another and serving to hold organs in place

Answer 30

ligament

Question 31

_____ - a sac filled with synovial fluid at a synovial joint, serving to facilitate muscle or joint action

Answer 31

bursa

Question 32

_____ _____ - bursae that are elongated cylinders wrapped around a tendon

Answer 32

tendon sheath

Question 33

______ joint - joints that can move like a door hinge

Answer 33

HINGE

Question 34

______ joints - joints that slide over each other with limited twisting articular surfaces are flat or only slightly concave and convex: wrist and ankle

Answer 34

gliding

Question 35

______ joint - joints in which the first bone rotates on its longitudinal axis relative to each other axis, ulna wrapping around radius

Answer 35

pivot

Question 36

______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes (providing a wide range of movement) the articular surface of each bone is shaped like a saddle (concave in one direction and convex in the other): thumb

Answer 36

saddle

Question 37

_______ joint - joints that allow movement in two axes but are more limited than saddle joint the articular surface of one bone is oval and convex while the other bone is similarly shaped depression

Answer 37

condyloid

Question 38

__________ joint - joints that provide the greatest range of movement (they are multiaxial) a smooth hemispherical head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression on another: scapula

Answer 38

ball - and - socket

Question 39

______ - movement that decreases the angle of a joint on an anterior-posterior plane bending neck to look down

Answer 39

flexion

Question 40

______ - movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to anatomical position straightening elbow or knee, raising head to look forward

Answer 40

extension

Question 41

______ - extension of a joint beyond 180 bending neck to look forward

Answer 41

hyperextension

Question 42

______ - movement of a body part away the medial plane raising the arm to one side of the body, spreading fingers

Answer 42

abduction

Question 43

_____ - movement of a body part toward the median plane bringing arms to sides

Answer 43

adduction

Question 44

______ - movement of a body part to raise it vertically shrugging shoulders

Answer 44

elevation

Question 45

_____ - movement of a body part downward lowering the shoulders

Answer 45

depression

Question 46

_____ - movement of a body part anteriorly on a plane parallel with the ground moving mandible forward

Answer 46

protraction

Question 47

_____ - movement of a body part posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground moving the mandible backward

Answer 47

retraction

Question 48

_____ _____ - sideways movement to the right or left movement of the jaw away from the midline

Answer 48

lateral excursion

Question 49

_____ _____ - movement back to the midline movement of the jaw back to midline

Answer 49

medial

Question 50

________ - movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion winding up a pitch

Answer 50

circumduction

Question 51

_____ - movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis twisting the thigh at the femur

Answer 51

rotation

Question 52

_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward

Answer 52

supination

Question 53

_____ - movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

Answer 53

pronation