Bio references Flashcards by 12345 6789

Review on antimicrobial resistance, 2014?

New approaches, 10 million 2050

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Nue, 1992?

Decades antibiotics overuse

Gentic material, Chromosomal adaptation, R plasmid

Anti virulence, low selection pressure

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Davies, 2010?

Understanding, global solution x 2

Antibiotics overuse, mechanisms form, combat

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Dennis, 2014?

Manipulates, immune, conc grad, mineral desire

Chelating complex, ferric iron, cedifercol

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacterium, nosomical, multi-drug, resistant, uptake, transporter

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Dreschel, 1997?

Siderophores, forage, minerals-iron, depleted, immune response

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Mollman, 2009?

Trojan horse, antibacterial traits, cell death

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Portsmouth, 2018?

Effective, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 73%, 252, urinary tract

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Poole, 2011?

Resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chemotherapy

Resistance, multifactorial, chromosomal mutations, horizontal gene transfer

Multi-drug efflux, membrane permeability, targets

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Chen, 2004?

Transformation = , transfer of DNA, extracellular milieu, into cytoplasm

DNA translocate complex, at cytoplasmic membrane, helps

Genetic transformation, spreads resistance

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Ge, 2012?

SDHA gene, codes 1 subunit, succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme

Legionella pnuemophila, DNA, into macrophage cytosol, exaggerated, by absence, SDHA

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Alsina, 1994?

Vibrios, gram negative, motile, rod, Na+ growth

Positive oxidase test, growth on TCBS medium = facultative anaerobes

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Oliver, 2013?

Distribution, environmental, temperature, salt, pH, nutrients, plankton

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Vezzulli, 2016?

Climate change, 0.85C, plankton distribution, vibrio distribution, North Atlantic/Sea, + vibrio infections

Vibrio cholerae, cholera, 100,000-120,000

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Cohen 2013?

Vibrio coralliiyticus, tissue lysis, photo inactivation, coral

Bacteriophage therapy, vibrio coralliiyticus, isolated, GBR

Lytic, phage, rapid replication, high burst, high affinity, prevented, photo inactivation, tissue lysis

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Kaper, 1995?

Infection, contaminated, food/water, acid barrier, epithelium, small intestine, enterotoxin, disrupts, ion transport, epithelial cells, diarrhoea, death

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Long, 2005?

Interspecies interactions, vibrio cholerae, bacteria less inhibitory, higher temps, more abundance of vibrio cholerae

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De Rochars, 2011?

2010, cholera outbreak, Haiti, Port au Prince, earthquake, 3 months

Behavioural changes, cholera messaging, infrastructure changes

30.3 to 73.9%, water treatment

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Kimes, 2012?

Vibrio corralliiyticus, global distribution, temp dependent, pathogenicity, corals

Toxins (hemolysins), pathogenicity, temp affected, VC450 genome, control, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, temp increase

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Lederberg, 2001?

Human gut microbiome =, genomes, indigenous microbiota, gut

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Zhu, 2010?

Via, human microbiome project, 1000 bacterial species, firmicutes, bacteriodites, shared core

Low resolution surveys to NGS sequencing + advanced bioinformatics

Hay, 1992?

IBD + Chrons = $1.8-$2.6 billion

Wolf, 1994?

Obesity, association, $68.8 billion

Morgan, 2012?

Chrons, GI tract, immune disorder

Genome studies, found churns, affects loci, innate + adaptive response, affected commensal bacteria

Facaelibacterium reduced, metabolize, polysaccharides, N-acetyl glucosamine, anti-inflammatory

Borody, 2012?

Paratuberculosis = chrons

Reversal achieved, anti paratuberculosis, proves involvement + potential

Khan, 2016?

Obesity, dietary, lifestyle, host genetics, doesn't explain worldwide, excess energy in obese, therapeutic manipulation, energy storage If escape gut digestion, colon digestion, microbiota, produce short chain fatty acids, correlate fat accumulation SCFA fecal, obesity associated

Zhang, 2015?

Metaformin, berberine, diabetes treatment, modulate, microbiota, rats, SCFA bacteria increase, disagree

Johnson, 1991?

Virulence factors = ,Properties, products, structures, overcome, host defences, colonise or invade

Lenski, 1998?

Economic cost of antibiotics

Miller, 2001?

Quorum sensing, control, gene expression, fluctuations, cell population density, cause disease

Rasko, 2010?

Regulated, AHL's, gene expression, virulence factors, biofilm formation Interferring agents, agonis, inhibitors, AHL's, Enzymes or antibodies Prevent signal, prevent disease

Dong, 2005?

Quorum quenching, AHL degradtion enzymes, from bacteria, disable AHL

Lin, 2003?

Ralstonia SP, bacterium, gene cloned, for AHL deactivation, effective, in Escherichia Coli

Simoes, 2010?

Biofilms, extracellular, matrix, community, free swimming to surface attached, resistant phenotype, difficult to eradicate, foodbourne pathogen Transport, planktonic cells, liquid to surface, adsorption of cells at surface, cell-cell signalling molecules produced, transport within biofilm Substrate metabolism, cell growth, replication, EPS production

Lee, 2014?

Staphylococcus aureus, human pathogen, a toxin, haemolytic Biofilm, aids virulence Cis nerolidol, oil, plants, flowers, inhibited formation, then, haemolytic activity, then a-toxin gene hla Hence anti virulent

Moran, 2012?

Candida, bloodstream, 1 month extra, £45,000

Pfaller, 2012?

Antifungal resistance, mechanisms caused by, elevated MIC, poor clinical trial, breakthrough infections, immunocompromised

Gupta, 2000?

Fusarium species, air, soil, ingestion, mycotoxosis, affects immunocompromised, potential, lesions, nondules

Brown, 2003?

Azole, antifungals, inhibiting, cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 4 alpha demethylase, lanosterol to ergosterol, in cell membrane, cell death Also: Enchinocandins, fungal secondary metabolites, antifunga activity, Target protein complex, synthesis of cell wall, enzyme 1,3 - B glucan synthase, Still obscure

Lupetti, 2002?

Resistance in fusarium, drug efflux, altered sterol synthesis, decreased azalea affinity

Becher, 2010?

Proven fusarium grami nearum, azole + multidrug resistant

Hoga, 2004?

Candida albicans, opportunistic pathogen, member, human microflora

Calderone, 2001?

Candidiasis, skin, GI tract, vagina, infection Host recognition biomolecules (adhesins), transition, yeast, filamentous, so adaptable

Niimi, 2016?

Found that, enchinocandins, poor substrates for, multi drug efflux, in c.albicans and s. cerevisiae, did't form resistance Strength

Douglas, 2001?

Clinically relevant if courses resistance, not strong enough

Wagner, 2011?

Implant infection, biofilm related, staphylococci species 65% infection biofilm related 60% health care acquired infections are biofilm related

mah, 2001?

$2 billion, biofilms glycocalyx, prevents, antibiotic, entrance, difficult to control

De beer, 1994?

chlorine, disinfectant, >20% conc, p.aeruginosa biofilm, measured, microelctrode Support defence

Suci, 1994?

Infrared spectroscopy, antibiotic ciproflaxin, rate to surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa < sterile surface

Graham, 2013?

reduced, biodiversity, extinction, ecosystems, human value