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Human Biosciences > Bio references > Flashcards

Bio references Flashcards

1
Q

Review on antimicrobial resistance, 2014?

A

New approaches, 10 million 2050

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2
Q

Nue, 1992?

A

Decades antibiotics overuse

Gentic material, Chromosomal adaptation, R plasmid

Anti virulence, low selection pressure

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3
Q

Davies, 2010?

A

Understanding, global solution x 2

Antibiotics overuse, mechanisms form, combat

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4
Q

Dennis, 2014?

A

Manipulates, immune, conc grad, mineral desire

Chelating complex, ferric iron, cedifercol

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacterium, nosomical, multi-drug, resistant, uptake, transporter

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5
Q

Dreschel, 1997?

A

Siderophores, forage, minerals-iron, depleted, immune response

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6
Q

Mollman, 2009?

A

Trojan horse, antibacterial traits, cell death

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7
Q

Portsmouth, 2018?

A

Effective, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 73%, 252, urinary tract

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8
Q

Poole, 2011?

A

Resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chemotherapy

Resistance, multifactorial, chromosomal mutations, horizontal gene transfer

Multi-drug efflux, membrane permeability, targets

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9
Q

Chen, 2004?

A

Transformation = , transfer of DNA, extracellular milieu, into cytoplasm

DNA translocate complex, at cytoplasmic membrane, helps

Genetic transformation, spreads resistance

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10
Q

Ge, 2012?

A

SDHA gene, codes 1 subunit, succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme

Legionella pnuemophila, DNA, into macrophage cytosol, exaggerated, by absence, SDHA

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11
Q

Alsina, 1994?

A

Vibrios, gram negative, motile, rod, Na+ growth

Positive oxidase test, growth on TCBS medium = facultative anaerobes

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12
Q

Oliver, 2013?

A

Distribution, environmental, temperature, salt, pH, nutrients, plankton

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13
Q

Vezzulli, 2016?

A

Climate change, 0.85C, plankton distribution, vibrio distribution, North Atlantic/Sea, + vibrio infections

Vibrio cholerae, cholera, 100,000-120,000

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14
Q

Cohen 2013?

A

Vibrio coralliiyticus, tissue lysis, photo inactivation, coral

Bacteriophage therapy, vibrio coralliiyticus, isolated, GBR

Lytic, phage, rapid replication, high burst, high affinity, prevented, photo inactivation, tissue lysis

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15
Q

Kaper, 1995?

A

Infection, contaminated, food/water, acid barrier, epithelium, small intestine, enterotoxin, disrupts, ion transport, epithelial cells, diarrhoea, death

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16
Q

Long, 2005?

A

Interspecies interactions, vibrio cholerae, bacteria less inhibitory, higher temps, more abundance of vibrio cholerae

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17
Q

De Rochars, 2011?

A

2010, cholera outbreak, Haiti, Port au Prince, earthquake, 3 months

Behavioural changes, cholera messaging, infrastructure changes

30.3 to 73.9%, water treatment

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18
Q

Kimes, 2012?

A

Vibrio corralliiyticus, global distribution, temp dependent, pathogenicity, corals

Toxins (hemolysins), pathogenicity, temp affected, VC450 genome, control, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, temp increase

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19
Q

Lederberg, 2001?

A

Human gut microbiome =, genomes, indigenous microbiota, gut

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20
Q

Zhu, 2010?

A

Via, human microbiome project, 1000 bacterial species, firmicutes, bacteriodites, shared core

Low resolution surveys to NGS sequencing + advanced bioinformatics

21
Q

Hay, 1992?

A

IBD + Chrons = $1.8-$2.6 billion

22
Q

Wolf, 1994?

A

Obesity, association, $68.8 billion

23
Q

Morgan, 2012?

A

Chrons, GI tract, immune disorder

Genome studies, found churns, affects loci, innate + adaptive response, affected commensal bacteria

Facaelibacterium reduced, metabolize, polysaccharides, N-acetyl glucosamine, anti-inflammatory

24
Q

Borody, 2012?

A

Paratuberculosis = chrons

Reversal achieved, anti paratuberculosis, proves involvement + potential

25
Q

Khan, 2016?

A

Obesity, dietary, lifestyle, host genetics, doesn’t explain worldwide, excess energy in obese, therapeutic manipulation, energy storage

If escape gut digestion, colon digestion, microbiota, produce short chain fatty acids, correlate fat accumulation

SCFA fecal, obesity associated

26
Q

Zhang, 2015?

A

Metaformin, berberine, diabetes treatment, modulate, microbiota, rats, SCFA bacteria increase, disagree

27
Q

Johnson, 1991?

A

Virulence factors = ,Properties, products, structures, overcome, host defences, colonise or invade

28
Q

Lenski, 1998?

A

Economic cost of antibiotics

29
Q

Miller, 2001?

A

Quorum sensing, control, gene expression, fluctuations, cell population density, cause disease

30
Q

Rasko, 2010?

A

Regulated, AHL’s, gene expression, virulence factors, biofilm formation

Interferring agents, agonis, inhibitors, AHL’s, Enzymes or antibodies

Prevent signal, prevent disease

31
Q

Dong, 2005?

A

Quorum quenching, AHL degradtion enzymes, from bacteria, disable AHL

32
Q

Lin, 2003?

A

Ralstonia SP, bacterium, gene cloned, for AHL deactivation, effective, in Escherichia Coli

33
Q

Simoes, 2010?

A

Biofilms, extracellular, matrix, community, free swimming to surface attached, resistant phenotype, difficult to eradicate, foodbourne pathogen

Transport, planktonic cells, liquid to surface, adsorption of cells at surface, cell-cell signalling molecules produced, transport within biofilm

Substrate metabolism, cell growth, replication, EPS production

34
Q

Lee, 2014?

A

Staphylococcus aureus, human pathogen, a toxin, haemolytic
Biofilm, aids virulence
Cis nerolidol, oil, plants, flowers, inhibited formation, then, haemolytic activity, then a-toxin gene hla
Hence anti virulent

35
Q

Moran, 2012?

A

Candida, bloodstream, 1 month extra, £45,000

36
Q

Pfaller, 2012?

A

Antifungal resistance, mechanisms caused by, elevated MIC, poor clinical trial, breakthrough infections, immunocompromised

37
Q

Gupta, 2000?

A

Fusarium species, air, soil, ingestion, mycotoxosis, affects immunocompromised, potential, lesions, nondules

38
Q

Brown, 2003?

A

Azole, antifungals, inhibiting, cytochrome P450 dependent enzyme lanosterol 4 alpha demethylase, lanosterol to ergosterol, in cell membrane, cell death

Also:

Enchinocandins, fungal secondary metabolites, antifunga activity,

Target protein complex, synthesis of cell wall, enzyme 1,3 - B glucan synthase,

Still obscure

39
Q

Lupetti, 2002?

A

Resistance in fusarium, drug efflux, altered sterol synthesis, decreased azalea affinity

40
Q

Becher, 2010?

A

Proven fusarium grami nearum, azole + multidrug resistant

41
Q

Hoga, 2004?

A

Candida albicans, opportunistic pathogen, member, human microflora

42
Q

Calderone, 2001?

A

Candidiasis, skin, GI tract, vagina, infection

Host recognition biomolecules (adhesins), transition, yeast, filamentous, so adaptable

43
Q

Niimi, 2016?

A

Found that, enchinocandins, poor substrates for, multi drug efflux, in c.albicans and s. cerevisiae, did’t form resistance

Strength

44
Q

Douglas, 2001?

A

Clinically relevant if courses resistance, not strong enough

45
Q

Wagner, 2011?

A

Implant infection, biofilm related, staphylococci species

65% infection biofilm related

60% health care acquired infections are biofilm related

46
Q

mah, 2001?

A

$2 billion, biofilms

glycocalyx, prevents, antibiotic, entrance, difficult to control

47
Q

De beer, 1994?

A

chlorine, disinfectant, >20% conc, p.aeruginosa biofilm, measured, microelctrode

Support defence

48
Q

Suci, 1994?

A

Infrared spectroscopy, antibiotic ciproflaxin, rate to surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa < sterile surface

49
Q

Graham, 2013?

A

reduced, biodiversity, extinction, ecosystems, human value

Human Biosciences (69 decks)

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