Nutrition exam questions Flashcards by 12345 6789

First bit from May 2017

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Glutamine is synthesised with which enzymes?

Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase

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Which nutritional aids has been to be beneficial to immune function during intensified periods of training?

Protein

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What’s a macro mineral?

More than 100mg / day:
Ca, Cl, Mg, K, P, Na, S

Micro mineral is less than 100mg / day:

Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, I, F, Mo, Se

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Which are fat soluble vitamins?

A D E K

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What is de novo lipogenesis?

Creation of fat from carbohydrate

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1L of oxygen consumption with a mixed diet releases how many kJ of energy?

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What is the role of isomerases?

Rearranging molecule/changing the structure

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What are and what is the prevalence of the 2 useable forms of starch in the diet?

Amylose (15-20%)

Amylopectin (80-85%)

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How long is chyme in the large intestine for?

24-72 hours

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Which type of protein has the highest leucine content?

Whey

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What is absorption?

The products of digestion enter the cells within the body, mainly from the small intestine

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Leptin is released from?

Adipose cells

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Vitamin B diseases?

Pellagra - B1

Megaloblastic anemia - B9 or B12

Beriberi - B1

Arioboflavinosis - B2

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What influences Fatmax?

Gender - different fat storage

Last meal composition - different amount of carbs and fat in body

Training status -

Body mass doesn’t

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Key determining factors in the female athlete triad?

Amenorrhea

Osteoporosis

Disordered eating

Digestive problems - NO

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Which amino acid has 2 amine groups?

Glutamine

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What order do the stages of swallowing occur in?

Buccal, Pharyngeal, oesophageal

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Feature of vitamin C?

Can act as an antioxidant

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Skeletal muscle glycogen cannot enter the general circulation as glucose because skeletal muscle does not contain which enzyme?

Glucose-6-Phosphate

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What does DRI stand for?

Dietary reference intake

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What does EAR stand for?

Estimated average requirements.

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What does RDA stand for?

Recommended dietary allowance

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What does AI stand for?

Adequate intake

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What does UL stand for?

Tolerable upper intake levels

What does AMDR stand for?

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

Go on seminar page if need to see ions role in the body

Nutritional recommendations that have potential to aid the immune system during periods of intensified training?

Avoid deficiencies of essential micronutrients Avoid protein deficiencies Avoid energy deficiencies Vitamin D Vitamin C Avoid dry mouth Elevated protein consumption Daily lactobacillus probiotic Zinc lozenges Polyphenols Don't learn this could just be useful in exam

Stimulators of phosphofructokinase?

ADP, inorganic phosphate, pH, NH4-

Inhibitors of Phosphofurctokinase?

ATP, PCr, Citrate

Vitamin A acute toxicity symptoms?

nausea, vomiting, vertigo and blurry vision

Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl-coA in which organs?

Liver

What does the ACSM position stand suggest is a low energy intake for female athletes?

<1800–2000kcal·d-1

Where is the serosa located?

Outer cover of the small intestine

The fasting state refers to what time period post last meal?

12h to 18h

cell membrane fat transporter?

Fatty acid translocase

fat max lab will probably be on it

What is digestion?

Breaking down foods into nutrients in preparation for absorption

What exercising for less than 45 minutes? advice on carbohydrate intake would you give to an athlete

30g/h of most types of carbohydrates

Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl-coA in which organs?

Liver

Where is the serosa located?

Outer cover of the small intestine

How much of our water intake comes from food?

20%

Which of the following is produced in the purine nucleotide cycle?

Fumarate

What is the main product of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

Acetyl-coA

Stages of translation?

Initation, elongation, termination

‘normal’ energy charge of the cell?

09-0.95

What happens to net muscle protein balance following resistance exercise only?

it increases but remains negative

What is the role of ghrelin?

Makes you hungry

How does fat ingestion help reduce alcohol levels in the blood?

Increases time alcohol is in the stomach

What should ideally happen in a RMR test?

. Measurement is ideally completed after a 12 hour fast. The individual must not complete physical activity or smoke for up to 24 hours preceding the measurement. The individual must be rested in the supine position in a quiet, thermoneutral environment for at least 30 minutes

exercise that gives you highest risk of URTI?

High

What macronutrient has highest digestibility?

Alcohol

What happens to food intake after walking in cold?

Increased (men and women)

What effect do glucocorticoids have on appetite?

Increase

AI stands for?

Adequate intake

What do statins do?

Lower LDL in blood Cause amount of intracellular C to rise Inhibit HMG co a reductase

What does AMP aminase do?

Converts AMP into IMP by removing the amine group

B12 deficiency =

Megaloblastic anemia

What does GLUT 2 do?

Take glucose from blood and puts it into cells

What decreases resting metabolic rate?

Starvation

What do ATPases do?

Enzymes that split ATP by hydrolysis (combination with water) to form ATP + H2O = ADP + pi

Esmarck 2001 found?

Timing does matter for protein synthesis

What do dehydrogenase do?

Rearrange the molecule

Removing the gall bladder would mean?

We digest less fat

A cycle of beta oxidation produces something with how many carbons?

What increases hormone sensitive lipase?

Adrenaline Cortisol Lipase

3 steps of protein synthesis?

. transcription - copying dna to mrna 2. translation - initiation, elongation and termination reading of mrna to make polypeptide chain 3. . post translation modifications - folding into useful structures

3 hormones and their function in digestion?

Gastrin - Stomach release HCL + pepsinogen Gastric and intestinal motility Cholecystokinin (CCK) - Release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from gall bladder Secretin - Stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate

2 things that stimulate glycogenolysis and enzyme that activate?

Glucagon Epinephrine

3 immune cells and function?

Neutrophil - phagocytosis Eosinophil - destroy parasites Basophil - Cause inflammation

4 main types of nutrient?

Macro - protein Micro - Zn Essential - Carbohydrate Non essential - vitamin D

Cortex equipment?

Face mask Calibration syringe Gas canister of known volume and concentration Gas line

Nutrition exam questions Flashcards

(72 cards)