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Anatomy & Physiology 101 > BioChem > Flashcards

BioChem Flashcards

1
Q

carbon compounding

A

forms bonds w/ H, O, N and S

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2
Q

Carbon Functional Groups (HMCAP)

A 
hydroxl
methyl
carboxyl
amino
phosphate
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3
Q

hydroxl

A

sugar, alcohol

polar

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4
Q

methyl

A

fats and oil

Non-polar

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5
Q

carboxyl

A

sugar, protein, a.a.

acidic/ polar

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6
Q

amino

A

a. a., proteins

reactiv. / polar

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7
Q

phosphate

A 
nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, ATP)
polar / reactiv.
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8
Q

macromol.

A

made of polymers

lrg molecules

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9
Q

polymer

A

mol. that are the same subunits

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10
Q

polymerization

A

synthesizing of polymers

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11
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

remove OH and H to make water

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12
Q

hydrolysis

A

H20 ionizes into OH and H

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13
Q

carbohydrates

A

hydrophilic organic mol.

1:2:1 ratio for formula

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14
Q

monosacc.

A

“simple sugars”
ex. GGF
glucose, galactose, fructose

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15
Q

glucose

A

short term energy use

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16
Q

disacc.

A

include SLM
sucrose (glucose+fructose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
maltose (glucose x2)

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17
Q

oligosacc.

A

short chains of 3 or more monosacc.

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18
Q

polysacc.

A

long chains of monsacc.
ex. glycogen
starch
cellulose

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19
Q

glycogen

A

energy storage
made by cells in liver and muscles
branched polymer (big mol.)

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20
Q

starch

A

energy storage for plants

only digestible polysacc. for humans

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21
Q

carbohydrate

A

polysacc.

22
Q

glycoproteins

A

carbohydrate + proteins

23
Q

glycolipids

A

carbohydrate + lipids

24
Q

proteoglycans

A

macromol.
carbohydrate dominant
forms gel that lubricates joints, and holds tissues together

25
Q

Lipid

A 
hydrophobic organic mol. 
composed of C,O and H
ex. fatty acids
      triglycerides
      phospholipids
      steroids
26
Q

fatty acid

A

starts with carboxyl, ends with methyl

27
Q

saturated fat

A

H+ filled

single bonds only

28
Q

unsaturated

A

potential bonding with H+

double and single bonds

29
Q

polyunsaturated

A

potential bonding with H+

have double or more bonds

30
Q

triglyceride

A

glycerol + 3 fatty acid
bonds formed by dehydration synthesis
“neutral fat”

31
Q

neutral fat

A

once bonded can’t donate proton

32
Q

phospholipid

A

barrier wall for cell (seperates inside from outside)
bonds formed by dehydrat. synthesis
glycerol + 2 fatty acid + 1 phosphate
amphipathic

33
Q

amphipathic

A

have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

34
Q

hydrophobic

A

repelled by water

35
Q

hydrophilic

A

attracted to water

36
Q

eicosanoids

A

chem signals btw cells
includes 5 cell ring- prostaglandins
produced in all tissues

37
Q

steroid

A

lipid w/ 4 C shaped rings
cholesterol acts as parent steroid
Ex. estrogen and testosterone

38
Q

protein

A

combination of amino acids

39
Q

peptide

A

composed of 2 AA w/ peptide bonds

AA connects to carboxyl group

40
Q

peptide bond

A

1 AA and carboxyl group

41
Q

oligopeptide

A

smaller than polypeptide

42
Q

protein structure (PSTQ)

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

43
Q

primary

A

encoded in genes

44
Q

secondary

A

folded shape

alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet

45
Q

tertiary

A

bended into fibrous shapes

46
Q

quaternary

A

2+ polypeptide chains

non-covalent forces

47
Q

enzymes

A

catalysts
minimize activation energy
most often (2/3) require cofactor
always SPON

48
Q

cofactor

A

protein that transfers electrons btw enzymes

49
Q

nucleotide

A

basis of DNA, RNA and ATP

composed of CN ring, monosacc and phosphate grp

50
Q

nucleic acids

A

carry info

determine inherited characteristics

Anatomy & Physiology 101 (12 decks)

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