BioChem

Question 1

carbon compounding

Answer 1

forms bonds w/ H, O, N and S

Question 2

Carbon Functional Groups (HMCAP)

Answer 2

hydroxl
methyl
carboxyl
amino
phosphate

Question 3

hydroxl

Answer 3

sugar, alcohol

polar

Question 4

methyl

Answer 4

fats and oil

Non-polar

Question 5

carboxyl

Answer 5

sugar, protein, a.a.

acidic/ polar

Question 6

amino

Answer 6

a. a., proteins

reactiv. / polar

Question 7

phosphate

Answer 7

nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, ATP)
polar / reactiv.

Question 8

macromol.

Answer 8

made of polymers

lrg molecules

Question 9

polymer

Answer 9

mol. that are the same subunits

Question 10

polymerization

Answer 10

synthesizing of polymers

Question 11

dehydration synthesis

Answer 11

remove OH and H to make water

Question 12

hydrolysis

Answer 12

H20 ionizes into OH and H

Question 13

carbohydrates

Answer 13

hydrophilic organic mol.

1:2:1 ratio for formula

Question 14

monosacc.

Answer 14

“simple sugars”
ex. GGF
glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 15

glucose

Answer 15

short term energy use

Question 16

disacc.

Answer 16

include SLM
sucrose (glucose+fructose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
maltose (glucose x2)

Question 17

oligosacc.

Answer 17

short chains of 3 or more monosacc.

Question 18

polysacc.

Answer 18

long chains of monsacc.
ex. glycogen
starch
cellulose

Question 19

glycogen

Answer 19

energy storage
made by cells in liver and muscles
branched polymer (big mol.)

Question 20

starch

Answer 20

energy storage for plants

only digestible polysacc. for humans

Question 21

carbohydrate

Answer 21

polysacc.

Question 22

glycoproteins

Answer 22

carbohydrate + proteins

Question 23

glycolipids

Answer 23

carbohydrate + lipids

Question 24

proteoglycans

Answer 24

macromol.
carbohydrate dominant
forms gel that lubricates joints, and holds tissues together

Question 25

Lipid

Answer 25

``` hydrophobic organic mol. composed of C,O and H ex. fatty acids triglycerides phospholipids steroids ```

Question 26

fatty acid

Answer 26

starts with carboxyl, ends with methyl

Question 27

saturated fat

Answer 27

H+ filled | single bonds only

Question 28

unsaturated

Answer 28

potential bonding with H+ | double and single bonds

Question 29

polyunsaturated

Answer 29

potential bonding with H+ | have double or more bonds

Question 30

triglyceride

Answer 30

glycerol + 3 fatty acid bonds formed by dehydration synthesis "neutral fat"

Question 31

neutral fat

Answer 31

once bonded can't donate proton

Question 32

phospholipid

Answer 32

barrier wall for cell (seperates inside from outside) bonds formed by dehydrat. synthesis glycerol + 2 fatty acid + 1 phosphate amphipathic

Question 33

amphipathic

Answer 33

have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 34

hydrophobic

Answer 34

repelled by water

Question 35

hydrophilic

Answer 35

attracted to water

Question 36

eicosanoids

Answer 36

chem signals btw cells includes 5 cell ring- prostaglandins produced in all tissues

Question 37

steroid

Answer 37

lipid w/ 4 C shaped rings cholesterol acts as parent steroid Ex. estrogen and testosterone

Question 38

protein

Answer 38

combination of amino acids

Question 39

peptide

Answer 39

composed of 2 AA w/ peptide bonds | AA connects to carboxyl group

Question 40

peptide bond

Answer 40

1 AA and carboxyl group

Question 41

oligopeptide

Answer 41

smaller than polypeptide

Question 42

protein structure (PSTQ)

Answer 42

primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 43

primary

Answer 43

encoded in genes

Question 44

secondary

Answer 44

folded shape | alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet

Question 45

tertiary

Answer 45

bended into fibrous shapes

Question 46

quaternary

Answer 46

2+ polypeptide chains | non-covalent forces

Question 47

enzymes

Answer 47

catalysts minimize activation energy most often (2/3) require cofactor always SPON

Question 48

cofactor

Answer 48

protein that transfers electrons btw enzymes

Question 49

nucleotide

Answer 49

basis of DNA, RNA and ATP | composed of CN ring, monosacc and phosphate grp

Question 50

nucleic acids

Answer 50

carry info | determine inherited characteristics