Organic chem

Question 1

physical half-life

Answer 1

time for 50% of atom to decay

Question 2

biological half-life

Answer 2

time for 1/2 substance to disappear from the body

Question 3

ion

Answer 3

charged particle w/ uneven # protons + electrons

Question 4

electrolyte

Answer 4

ionizes in water + conducts electricity

*important for chem reactivity, osmotic effects + electricity

Question 5

free radical

Answer 5

chem particles w/ odd # electrons
ex. O2^-
short lived 
combine w/ mol.
*cause damage

Question 6

water

Answer 6

50-75% of body
polar
when mol. break they absorb energy
helps w/ lubrication
has high specific heat

Question 7

water important prop.

Answer 7

solvency (ionic or polar mol. dissolve)
chemical reactivity (hydrolysis and dehydration)
cohesion

Question 8

catalyst

Answer 8

speeds up rxn
dec. activation energy
holds reactants in favorable positions
not consumed by rxn

Question 9

anabolism

Answer 9

energy stored synthesis rxn
requires energy
“endergonic”
sum of synthesis rxn

Question 10

catabolism

Answer 10

energy-releasing decomp rxn
“exergonic”
sum of decomp rxn

Question 11

ionic bond

Answer 11

• and + charge

Question 12

covalent bond

Answer 12

share electrons

non-polar

Question 13

hydrogen bond

Answer 13

occur btw molecules

weak attraction

Question 14

free energy

Answer 14

pot. energy in system available to do work

Question 15

potential energy

Answer 15

energy bc of an object’s position / state

inc chemical and electrical energy

Question 16

kinetic energy

Answer 16

associated w/ mvmnt
energy doing work
inc. heat and electrical energy

Question 17

exergonic rxn

Answer 17

net release of energy

P< total free E. than R

Question 18

endergonic rxn

Answer 18

P> total free E. than R

Question 19

Non- spontaneous

Answer 19

inc. in Free E.

R<p></p>

Question 20

spontaneous

Answer 20

dec in Free E.
R>P
exothermic

Question 21

major elements of the body (OCHNCaP)

Answer 21

oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
calcium
Phosphorus

Question 22

mineral

Answer 22

inorganic element extracted from soil by plants
4% of body
compose bones, in proteins, enable enzyme fun.

Question 23

isotope

Answer 23

same ele. w/ diff atomic mass

decay w/ radioactivity

Question 24

radioactive isotope

Answer 24

unstable nucleus

Question 25

ionizing radiation

Answer 25

radiation from radioact. isotope
converts atoms to ions
ejects electrons from atoms
Ex. alpha, beta and gamma rays

Question 26

molecule

Answer 26

group of atoms

Question 27

compound

Answer 27

2 or more elements together

Question 28

isomer

Answer 28

same compound w/ diff structure

Question 29

colloid

Answer 29

1-100 nm
cloudy (particles scatter light)
don’t pass through membranes

Question 30

suspension

Answer 30

100+ nm
don’t stay mixed upon standing
ex. blood cells in plasma

Question 31

decomp rxn

Answer 31

AB = A + B
catabolic
exergonic
molecular breakdown

Question 32

catabolic

Answer 32

gives off energy

Question 33

synthesis rxn

Answer 33

A + B = AB
protein synthesis
endergoinc
anabolic

Question 34

anabolic

Answer 34

needs energy