biochem block 2

Question 1

RNA splicing is posttranslation or posttranscription

Answer 1

posttranscription

Question 2

statins mechanism

Answer 2

COMPETITIVELY inhibit HMGcoA reductase

Question 3

HIV screening test

Answer 3

p24…. not for antibodies at they devlop after 3- 7 weeeeks

Question 4

HIV screening test timeline

Answer 4

ELISA high sensitivity

Western blot high specificity

Question 5

why can ELISA be postive in babies born to HIV mums

Answer 5

gp120 can cross placenta

Question 6

absence of 3 alpha chains

Answer 6

HBH

Question 7

absence of 2 B chains

Answer 7

b thalassemia

Question 8

cis and trans mutation of alpha thalassemia wch one can lead to hydrops fetalis

Answer 8

trans cannot ( one allele on both chromosomes is abn)

Question 9

b tubulin polymerization takes place in wch part of cell cycle

Answer 9

M phase mitosis

Question 10

Huntington disease what technique to confirm diagnosis

Answer 10

southern blotting

Question 11

describe southern blot

Answer 11

labeled DNA probe to DNA sequences

Question 12

technique used to detect antibody or antigen in a sample

Answer 12

ELISA

Question 13

where to the enzymes go in I cell disease

Answer 13

exocytosis

Question 14

cis golgi to ER

Answer 14

COPI retrograde

Question 15

ER to cis golgi

Answer 15

COPII anterograde

Question 16

what hormone is increased in men with kleinfelter

Answer 16

LH loss of leydig cell function

Question 17

which proteins are formed as inactive precursors and are cleaved into active

Answer 17

insulin and chymotrypsin

Question 18

CAH 21 vs 11

Answer 18

21 hypotension — syncope due to hypotension

11 hypertension

Question 19

dopamine hydroxylase need what coenzyme

Answer 19

vit c

Question 20

cyanide poisoning mechanism

Answer 20

iron in cytochrome oxidase is modified in ETC and this halts cellular respiration

Question 21

acrid smell on breath

Answer 21

cyanide poisoning

Question 22

txt with hydroxycobalamin

Answer 22

cyanide poisoning

Question 23

cyclophosphamide

Answer 23

DNA alkylator which is activated by cytp450

Question 24

vincristine mechanism

Answer 24

also in M phase , binds to tubilin and stops microtubule formation ….. NO microtubules vs palitaxel which fixes microtubules

Question 25

edwards most common cardiac malformations

Answer 25

VSD pulm and aortic valve

Question 26

cleft lip, micropthalmia, mental retardation, cong heart disease

Answer 26

patau 13

Question 27

acute intermittent porphyria

Answer 27

porphobilinogen deaminase def

Question 28

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase def

Answer 28

porphyria cutanea tarda | buildup of uroporphyyrinogen III

Question 29

where does urea cycle take place

Answer 29

initial steps in mitochondia and then cytosol

Question 30

chloramphenicol mechanism and uses

Answer 30

blocks 50s petidyltransferase, | txt for meningtitis caused by h.ingluenza, strept pneumonia and nisseria

Question 31

clindamycin

Answer 31

txt anaerobic above diaphragm

Question 32

inhibit peptide movement from site A to site P

Answer 32

clindamycin

Question 33

Biopterin

Answer 33

can be synthesied by ones body

Question 34

non comp inhibitor means what ( km and vmax)

Answer 34

same km but diff v max

Question 35

what technique is used to confirm hiv diagnosis

Answer 35

western blot

Question 36

CD40 L

Answer 36

hyper igM

Question 37

def of acetyl coa carboxylase

Answer 37

dysf of fatty acid syntehsis need malonym coA

Question 38

what essential amino acid is used to make thyrpid hormone

Answer 38

phenylalanine (tyrosine residues)

Question 39

detemine genotype of embryos

Answer 39

PCR--- must amplify DNA | southern can only be used to detect DNA segemtns`

Question 40

which substrate from TCA inhibits a rate limiting step in glycolysis and FA synthesis

Answer 40

citrate made from oxaloacetate citrate can inhibit phosphofuctokinase and it can activate acetyl coa carboxylase

Question 41

CAH mnemonic

Answer 41

11,17 HYPERtension (1 in begining) | 11,21 VIRILIZATION

Question 42

what happens to HBS in times of crises

Answer 42

decreases affinity for oxygen .... shifts curve to right

Question 43

calcium calmodulin complex activates what in smoooth muscle cell

Answer 43

myosin light chain kinase

Question 44

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Answer 44

oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate

Question 45

rate limiting step of glyolysis

Answer 45

PFK ...... citrate can regulate this enzyme

Question 46

alanin can regulate which enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 46

pyruvate kinase ----- Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

Question 47

what happens when ammonia levels are high

Answer 47

alpha ketogluterate is used to make glutamine

Question 48

hallucinations delusions and dialated pupils

Answer 48

LSD

Question 49

congenital pancytopenia, renal abn, polydactyly, microencephaly

Answer 49

fanconi anemia ... treat with bone marrow transplant

Question 50

which factor has a role in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathwy

Answer 50

factor 2

Question 51

rate limiting step of renal gluconeogenesis

Answer 51

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Question 52

pt has pancreatitis and blood appears milky what is the condition

Answer 52

type1 dyslipidemia, lipoprotein lipase def … this enzymes breaks down chylomicrons

Question 53

what activates lipoprotein lipase

Answer 53

apo cII

Question 54

failure of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow

Answer 54

diamond blackfan anemia

Question 55

DNA repair defect causing what type of anemia

Answer 55

fanconi

Question 56

drug inhibits cell in prophase

Answer 56

Therefore, a drug that inhibits the function of the microtubules, kinesins, kinetochores, or centromere would severely impair the assembly of the spindle apparatus and force the cells to arrest in prophase