renal anat histo

Question 1

pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios … what could be the cause embryologically
what makes the kidney

Answer 1

renal parenchyma except nephrons made from reteric bud

Question 2

urine crystals are envelope shaped and dumbells

Answer 2

calcium stones … radioopaque

Question 3

whxih cells secrete renin

Answer 3

juxtaglomerular cells in afferent artery

Question 4

which cells sense low NA+

Answer 4

macula densa … at DCT

Question 5

horse shoe kidneys get trapped by which artery

Answer 5

IMA

Question 6

kindey location

Answer 6

T12 L3

Question 7

the allantois and urachus form

Answer 7

median ligament

Question 8

in minimal change disease disrtuption of which filtration barrier causes protein loss

Answer 8

negatively charged heapran sulfate that normall repels the negatively charged albumin

Question 9

pt takes statins for cholesterol and drinks lots of orange jucie and grapefruit juice … develops muscle pain and strange urine colour ….

Answer 9

ATN … statins can cause rhabdomyolysis … myoglobin causes damage to the kidneuy especially PCT

Question 10

thyroidization of the kidney

Answer 10

in chronic pyelonephritis

Question 11

PSGN with infection timeline

Answer 11

1-2 weeks afeter upper resp

2-4eks after skin inf

Question 12

mesangial deposits

Answer 12

IgA nephropathy

Question 13

subendothelial deposits

Answer 13

DPGN

Question 14

diarrhea leads to alkalosis or acidosis

Answer 14

non anion gap acidosis

Question 15

whn is C1 complement found in afferent arteriole

Answer 15

membranous nephrilis and lupus

Question 16

igM deposits seen in

Answer 16

FSGN

Question 17

painless hematuria no casts what to look out for

Answer 17

TCC of bladder

Question 18

pre renal azotemia is diagnosed by

Answer 18

urine osmolarity >500, salt<20, Fena <1 and BUN >20

Question 19

ADPKD most common association

Answer 19

berry anneurysm

Question 20

acute interstitial nephritis caused by

Answer 20

penicillin, pee (diuretics), PPI, Pain free (NSAIDs)

Question 21

u suspect a child has minimal change disease what do u do

Answer 21

start steroids

Question 22

25 years old male … thickening and splitting of basement membrane, granular C3 and IgG deposits ,,, electron mcrospy shows subendothelial depostis

Answer 22

membranoprolif nphritis

Question 23

HIV pt what is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 23

FSGS … similar effacement of foot proceses like MCD but has hyaline depostin tooo

Question 24

B amyloid seen in wch disease

Answer 24

alzheimer

Question 25

B2 macroglobulin

Answer 25

dialysis related amyloidosis

Question 26

why are ACEi contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 26

they cause renal agenesis … oligohydramnios

Question 27

young healthy woman sudden onset of HTN … what should u consider

Answer 27

fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 28

urease producing bacteria

Answer 28

klebsiella and proteus

Question 29

loss of whch function involves fractures in CKD

Answer 29

low gfr… increased phosphate …. stimulates PTh

Question 30

55 yr old pt … liver failure … low urine output … no hematuria or proteinuria .. wts happening

Answer 30

hepatorenal syndrome .. kidney is normal

Question 31

hexagonal shape stone

Answer 31

cystine txt alkalize the urine

Question 32

rhomboid stones

Answer 32

uric acid

Question 33

envelope or dumbbell shape stones

Answer 33

calcium oxalate

Question 34

coffin lid

Answer 34

ammoniuim magnesium

Question 35

nonsulfonamyde na2kcl inhibitor

Answer 35

ethacrynic acid

Question 36

what can be seen in renal artery stenosis | hypernatremia or hypokalemia

Answer 36

hypokalemia … due to actions of aldosterone

Question 37

pt has turner wjhat is the most common renal abnormality and what should u monitor this pt for

Answer 37

horseshoe kidney …. check for UTIS

Question 38

what cause squamous cell tumor of bladder

Answer 38

schistosoma hematobium … north Africa eg egpt

Question 39

autoantibodies against type 4 collagen

Answer 39

goooood pasture … hematuria

Question 40

maltose fermentation is characteristic for which bacteria

Answer 40

nisseria meningitidis

Question 41

lactose fermenters

Answer 41

E.coli

Question 42

what happens is salicylate toxicity

Answer 42

hyperv … low CO2.... resp alkalosis and metab acidosis

Question 43

MUDPILES

Answer 43

methanol uremia diabetes ketoacidosis, paraformaldehyde, isoniazid, ethylene, salicylate

Question 44

can prostate cancer present with voiding problems

Answer 44

no because the cancer grows in posterior lobes that doesn't block the urethra.... BPH does present with urinary symptioms