Biochemistry - Nutrition Overview

Question 1

How to calculate BMI

Answer 1

kg/m^2

Or

If you use lbs and inches multiply by 703

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins

Question 3

Micronutrients

Answer 3

Vitamins

Minerals

Question 4

Energy-yielding nutrients

Answer 4

All macronutrients

Carbs - 4 kcal/g
Protein - 4 kcal/g
Lipids - 9 kcal/g

*alcohol - 7 kcal/g

Question 5

Organic nutrients

Answer 5

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

Question 6

Inorganic nutrients

Answer 6

Minerals

Water

Question 7

kcal to kJ

Answer 7

Multiply by 4.2

kJ to kcal - multiply by 0.24

Question 8

Why is alcohol not considered a nutrient?

Answer 8

Interferes with the body’s growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 9

How many organic vitamins are there?

Answer 9

13

Sensitive to heat, light, and chemicals

Question 10

How many essential minerals are there?

Answer 10

16

Other minerals are environmental contaminants (ex lead)

Indestructible

Question 11

EAR

Answer 11

Estimated Average Requirement

Average amount sufficient for half of population

Question 12

RDA

Answer 12

Recommended Dietary Allowances

To meet needs of most healthy people

Set near the top end of the range of EAR (see graph on pg 21)

Question 13

AI

Answer 13

Adequate Intakes

Insufficient scientific evidence to establish EAR

AI is set instead of RDA

Expected to exceed average requirements

Question 14

UL

Answer 14

Upper limit
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

Point where nutrient is likely to be toxic
Helps protect against overconsumption

Question 15

EER

Answer 15

Estimated Energy Requirements

Average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance

Based on:
Healthy body weight
Physical activity

*No upper level

Question 16

AMDR

Answer 16

Accepted macronutrient distribution ranges

Recommendations for each nutrient?
45-65% kcal from carbs
20-35% from fat
10-35% from protein

Question 17

Symptoms of malnutrition

Answer 17

Diarrhea
Skin rashes
Fatigue
Others