Biological molecules pt. 4

Question 1

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 1

Protein is composed of one or more long chains of amino acids (polypeptides) linked by
peptide bonds

Question 2

structure determines ________

Answer 2

function

Question 3

protein structure determines……

Answer 3

cell function

Question 4

What are some proteins

Answer 4

enzymes, hormones, Hemoglobin

Question 5

What is the role of enzymes

Answer 5

They quicken chemical reaction

Question 6

What is the role of hormones

Answer 6

They are chemical messengers

Question 7

Example of hormones

Answer 7

Growth hormones - stimulates growth of bones

Question 8

What is the role of transport

Answer 8

Moving molecules

Question 9

Example of transport

Answer 9

Hemoglobin - transporting oxyegn through blood

Question 10

What is the role of contractile

Answer 10

It is movement

Question 11

Example of contractile

Answer 11

Myosin and actin - allows muscles to contract

Question 12

What is the role of protective

Answer 12

Healing, it defends against invaders

Question 13

2 example of protective

Answer 13

Fibrinogen - stops bleeding
Antibodies - Kills bacterial invaders

Question 14

What is the role of structural

Answer 14

mechanical support

Question 15

2 examples of structural

Answer 15

Keratin - for hair
Collagen - for skin and cartilage

Question 16

What is the role of storage

Answer 16

stores nutrients

Question 17

Example of storage

Answer 17

egg whites, used as nutrients for embryos

Question 18

What is the role of toxins

Answer 18

Defense and predation

Question 19

Example of toxins

Answer 19

bacterial diphtheria toxin

Question 20

What is the role of communication

Answer 20

Cell signaling

Question 21

Example of communication

Answer 21

Glycoprotein - receptors on cell surface

Question 22

Strands of the Protein Keratin Create…

Answer 22

hair lol

Question 23

Proteins are polymers of different….

Answer 23

Amino acid

Question 24

What do all amino acids have in common ?

Answer 24

an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to a central carbon

Question 25

There are ____ different types of amino acids.

Answer 25

20

Question 26

What is a Peptide bond?

Answer 26

Peptide bond links two amino acids.

Question 27

A protein is composed of one or more................

Answer 27

long chains of amino acids

Question 28

What are polypeptides?

Answer 28

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming the backbone of a protein

Question 29

Proteins are ______ chains of 20 different building blocks called amino acids.

Answer 29

linear

Question 30

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds – a form of ______ bond

Answer 30

covalent

Question 31

Globular Proteins may be described in terms of 4 Levels of structure.. what are they?

Answer 31

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Question 32

What is primary structure?

Answer 32

All proteins have this structure, it is formed by sequence of the amino acids being linked together.

Question 33

What is a primary structure determined by?

Answer 33

Determined by an unique sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain

Question 34

What is Secondary structure?

Answer 34

Folding and coiling of a single polypeptide chain

Question 35

what is secondary structure caused by

Answer 35

Caused by hydrogen and peptide bonds

Question 36

What is Tertiary Structure?

Answer 36

3D shaped, shape is dependant on biological interations and complete folding of protein. It is globular and fibrous.

Question 37

Types of bonds in tertiary and quaternary structure?

Answer 37

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic bonds

Question 38

What is Quaternary Structure ?

Answer 38

Two or more polypeptides chains bonded together to make a more complex structure.

Question 39

Examples of quaternary structure

Answer 39

Collagen, keratin, hemoglobin are examples of proteins in quaternary structure

Question 40

What is Denaturation of protein?

Answer 40

Denaturation refers to the process of changing a protein’s shape.

Question 41

Denaturation of protein usually rendered biologically....

Answer 41

inactive

Question 42

Three characteristics of denaturation of protein or making the protein more inactive are

Answer 42

pH High temperature Ionic concentration

Question 43

Nucleic acids are macromolecules made of...........

Answer 43

C, H, O, N, P.

Question 44

There are two kinds of nucleic acids.....

Answer 44

DNA AND RNA

Question 45

What is deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ?

Answer 45

encodes genetic information used to assemble proteins.

Question 46

What is Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?

Answer 46

reads DNA-encoded information to direct protein synthesis.

Question 47

Nucleic acids are composed of what

Answer 47

long polymers of repeating subunits, nucleotides.

Question 48

What else are nucleic acids made up of?

Answer 48

five-carbon sugar Phosphate group nitrogenous base Purines double ringed Pyrimidines – single ringed adenine and guanine cytosine, thymine, and uracil

Question 49

Nucleotides are the Monomers that Create

Answer 49

Polymers of DNA and RNA

Question 50

_____ is the cell’s primary energy currency.

Answer 50

ATP (Adenine triphosphate)

Question 51

How many amino acids are there? How many are essential and non essential?

Answer 51

20 amino acids, essential is 8 and non essential is 12

Question 52

When you take out H20 out from Amino Acid structure, what does it make?

Answer 52

Polypeptide chain (peptide bond)

Question 53

Peptide bond is amino acid +amino acid, is the bond is a ionic or covalent bond

Answer 53

covalent because it is sharing electrons

Question 54

A peptide bond is also known as what biological reaction?

Answer 54

Condensation reaction, also an anabolic reaction

Question 55

1 molecule of hemoglobin can occupy/carry/transport _____ iron ions

Answer 55

4

Question 56

Straight hair is a...

Answer 56

primary structure

Question 57

Curly hair is a ....

Answer 57

secondary structure

Question 58

What bonding is in primary structure

Answer 58

peptide bonds

Question 59

What bonding is in secondary structure

Answer 59

hydrogen bonds

Question 60

what bonding is found in tertiary structure

Answer 60

Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and ionic bonds, peptide bond

Question 61

What bonding is found in quaternary structure

Answer 61

Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and ionic bonds

Question 62

Changing the pH for denaturation is done by adding....

Answer 62

akaline, salt, lemon juice or vinegar

Question 63

What makes the 20 amino acids unique from each other?

Answer 63

The side chains attached to the central carbon, ex. tyrosine