Translation: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

Process that occurs after ___________.

Answer 1

transcription

Question 2

Translation occurs where?

Answer 2

Occurs in the cytoplasm, with the help of ribosomes and transfer RNA.

Question 3

Translation refers to ..

Answer 3

putting something into a different language.

Question 4

In translation, the message on the
mRNA will be translated into a _____________ _______.

Answer 4

polypeptide chain.

Question 5

What is the
anticodon found on the tRNA carrying tyrosine?

Answer 5

mRNA codon is 5’UAU3’ or 5’UAC3’ for tyrosine

Question 6

What amino acid is
found on the tRNA with an anticodon of CAU?

Answer 6

remember, that is 3’CAU5’

Question 7

Every tRNA carries one specific…..

Answer 7

amino acid

Question 8

tRNA is the “________” molecule in protein synthesis

Answer 8

adaptor

Question 9

_________ is the last stop or the end of the line (terminus) to which amino acid is coupled.

Answer 9

CCA-3’

Question 10

Why doesn’t tRNAs follow one-gene/one polypeptide?

Answer 10

Because the tRNA itself, is transcribed from a gene
but it is not translated into a protein product.

Question 11

What is a polysome and polyribosome?

Answer 11

A number of ribosomes translating the same transcript.

Question 12

What is the A (acceptor) site?

Answer 12

where tRNA
brings in new aa

Question 13

What is the P (peptide) site?

Answer 13

where peptide bonds form between aa’s in growing polypeptide

Question 14

First tRNA is brought into __ ______ – carries Met

Answer 14

P site

Question 15

Initiation in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 15

Initiation can occur at internal AUG codons in prokaryotic mRNA

Initiation in eukaryotes can ONLY occur at first AUG codon of the 5’ cap.

Question 16

What is a codon?

Answer 16

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid or signals the start or stop of protein synthesis.

Question 17

A peptide bond forms
between the 2 …….

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

The new reading frame results in the…

Answer 18

wrong amino acid sequence and formation of a truncated protein

Question 19

What is a truncated protein?

Answer 19

A truncated protein is a shortened protein that results when its synthesis stops prematurely due to a genetic mutation or error, often missing key functional parts.

Question 20

In the cell, at what site manufactures proteins?

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

What does tRNA do?

Answer 21

delivers aa’s to a polypeptide building site (the ribosome)

Question 22

amino acid activation and tRNA charging is facilitated by..

Answer 22

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

Question 23

ribosomes have 2 sites that bind tRNA:

Answer 23

A and P

Question 24

The ribosomes moves along the mRNA in the….

Answer 24

5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 25

What is a reading frame?

Answer 25

The way nucleotides in mRNA are grouped into sets of three (codons) during translation.

Question 26

Each codon specifies one amino acid, and the correct reading frame ensures the right protein is made. Shifting the reading frame changes what?

Answer 26

the codons and can result in a completely different or nonfunctional protein.

Question 27

Describe the structure of tRNA.

Answer 27

single stranded that folds into 2D clover leaf 3D form is produced when the leaf twists

Question 28

What is the enzyme responsible for attaching an amino acid to the tRNA??

Answer 28

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase