Biological molecules pt.2

Question 1

What elements are monosaccharides composed of

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
(C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio)

Question 2

What functional groups does monosaccharides contain

Answer 2

carbonyl and
hydroxyl

Question 3

General formula for monosaccharides

Answer 3

(CH2O)n

Question 4

What is the ending for monosaccharides

Answer 4

name often ends in –ose

Question 5

What is the temperature range for monosaccharides

Answer 5

3C-7C

Question 6

What are Hexoses?

Answer 6

(6 carbons)

where glucose is produced during photosynthesis

Galactose - in milk

Fructose- in fruit

Question 7

What are isomers

Answer 7

Same formula, different structure and different physical and chemical properties

Question 8

What is the shape of an isomer when it is a solid and when it is in a solution (aqueous)?

Answer 8

Linear when solids, rings in solutions (aqueous)

Question 9

GLUCOSE has what type of form

Answer 9

linear and ring

Question 10

What are pentoses?

Answer 10

5 carbons

Question 11

What is ribose

Answer 11

component of nucleotides

Question 12

What are oligosaccharides

Answer 12

Include di- and trisaccharides

2 or 3 monosaccharides joined by
glycosidic linkages (bonds)

Question 13

In oligosaccharides, Alpha (α) if -OH is ____ b,
Beta (β) if it is _____

Answer 13

below, above

Question 14

What are Disaccharides?

Answer 14

They are double sugars

Question 15

Two monosaccharides and polysaccharides linked to form a disaccharide by what reaction?

Answer 15

Condensation, also known as the removal of water molecules

Question 16

What is a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 16

More complex chemical structure, Made of many sugar units (e.g., starch, fiber). Provides longer-lasting energy and digests slowly.

Question 17

What are the three important disaccharides?

Answer 17

Maltose (beer grains), Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk)

Question 18

What are Polysaccharides?

Answer 18

Complex sugars that are made of long chains of monosaccharides.

Question 19

How are complex carbohydrates built?

Answer 19

They are built by linking simple
repeating units.

Question 20

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates are important in
energy production and storage

Question 21

How are carbohydrates used?

Answer 21

used in cellular respiration to
release energy (glucose), I.e. the
body’s most important source of
energy

Question 22

plants store energy as…

Answer 22

starch

Question 23

animals store energy as ….. in liver and muscles

Answer 23

glycogen

Question 24

Complex Carbohydrates Are Often
used to…

Answer 24

create structures

Question 25

What is chitin and what is cellulose?

Answer 25

chitin (modified form of cellulose) and Cellulose (fibre)

Question 26

What is cellulose

Answer 26

Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose. Some animals can digest cellulose e.g. cows, sheep

Question 27

When humans eat fruits and vegetables, cellulose are passed through undigested, but help to prevent

Answer 27

Constipation

Question 28

What is chitin?

Answer 28

Modified form of cellulose

Question 29

which organic compounds/macromolecules are the following functional groups associated with phosphate

Answer 29

nucleic acid

Question 30

which organic compounds/macromolecules are the following functional groups associated with carboxyl

Answer 30

protein

Question 31

which organic compounds/macromolecules are the following functional groups associated with hydroxyl

Answer 31

carbohydrates

Question 32

Which one of these things are not like the others? Fiber, sugar, starch, cellulose and fat

Answer 32

Fat is the odd one out because fat is a lipid, so it is different

Question 33

Basic building blocks for protein

Answer 33

amino acid

Question 34

Basic building blocks for triglyceride

Answer 34

3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 35

Basic building blocks for carbohydrate

Answer 35

monosaccharides

Question 36

Basic building blocks for nucleic acid

Answer 36

nucleotide

Question 37

Proteins are to amino acids, as polysaccharides are to _________

Answer 37

Carbohydrates

Question 38

What are monosaccharides

Answer 38

Simple sugars, composed of 1 unit. Makes up polysccharides, disaccharides.

Question 39

What are monosaccharides determined by

Answer 39

The number of carbon atoms in the molecule

Question 40

Isomers are what

Answer 40

molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structure

Question 41

What are disaccharides?

Answer 41

Double sugars. Composed of 2 monosaccharides, linked together by condensation reaction.

Question 42

Where is maltose found? What is it made up of?

Answer 42

Two glucose, it is found in grains, it is used to make beer

Question 43

What is sucrose made up of

Answer 43

glucose + fructose !!

Question 44

What is sucrose and where is it found

Answer 44

It is table sugar, found in higher concentrations in sugar beets, sugar cane and sugar maple tree.

Question 45

Lactose is composed of..

Answer 45

Galactose and glucose

Question 46

What form can polysaccharides be in

Answer 46

Chains or branched

Question 47

What are polysaccharides

Answer 47

composed of MANY monosaccharides liked together by many condensation reactions

Question 48

What are polysaccharides used for ?

Answer 48

Energy storage and structural support

Question 49

Types of polysaccharides?

Answer 49

Starch, glycogen, Chitin, Cellulose

Question 50

What is starch

Answer 50

Energy storage in plants

Question 51

Two forms of starch

Answer 51

amylose (unbranched) and amylopectin (branched)

Question 52

Where is starch stored

Answer 52

stored in chloroplasts, amyloplasts, other plastids.

Question 53

What is glycogen

Answer 53

The main storage form of glucose in animals and humans

Question 54

Where is glycogen located and where is it stored?

Answer 54

In the liver, stored in muscles and liver of humans

Question 55

What is cellulose

Answer 55

Found in plant wall cells, Humans are unable to break down cellulose (fiber)

Question 56

What gives strength to cellulose

Answer 56

Layers of cellulose fibrils

Question 57

Where is chitin found

Answer 57

Found in hard exoskeletons of crustaceans (crabs, lobsters) and in the cell wall of many fungi

Question 58

Cellulose vs Chitin

Answer 58

Cellulose is fibre, while chitin is a modified version of cellulose

Question 59

Alpha (a) is if bond is ______, between them. While beta (B) is if it is _______.

Answer 59

Down, Up

Question 60

Glucose + Gluclose =

Answer 60

maltose + water

Question 61

Glucose + Fructose =

Answer 61

sucrose + water

Question 62

Galactose + glucose =

Answer 62

lactose + water

Question 63

Examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 63

Glucose and fructose

Question 64

Example of disaccharides?

Answer 64

Maltose, lactose and sucrose

Question 65

Examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 65

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 66

Amylose is unbranched or branched?

Answer 66

Unbranched

Question 67

Amylopectin is branched or unbranched?

Answer 67

branched

Question 68

Glycogen is similar to starch, but has more...

Answer 68

branches

Question 69

What is carbohydrates produced by?

Answer 69

Photosynthesis

Question 70

What are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 70

Made of 1-2 sugar units (e.g., glucose, sucrose). Quick energy but digests fast.

Question 71

Examples of starch?

Answer 71

Examples can be potatoes, carrots, corn, wheat etc