Biology Midterm

Question 0

Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to…

Answer 0

Perform different functions

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism

Question 2

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the…

Answer 2

Meter

Question 3

True or false. Living systems are all composed of two or more cells.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely…

Answer 4

Design new experiments to test the hypothesis

Question 5

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be…

Answer 5

Testable and falsifiable

Question 6

All of the following factors contribute to Earth's climate except:
Shape and elevation of land masses
Transport of heat by winds
Latitude
Longitude

Answer 6

Longitude

Question 7

The energy that powers the flight of an eagle

Answer 7

Came originally from the Sun and will eventually return to space

Question 8

Corn planted in a field that has been previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be…

Answer 8

More productive because the bacteria living on the roots of the legumes fix nitrogen in the soil

Question 9

Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes. What symbiotic relationship describes this?

Answer 9

Parasitism

Question 10

When construction is done on a housing site, what factors affect the population density of the rats living there?

Answer 10

Decreased space and food

Question 11

What are the two types of population growth?

Answer 11

Exponential and logistic

Question 12

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the…

Answer 12

Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness

Question 13

In a fox population, the allele frequency of a gene for red fur changes from 20% to 30%. What can you say about that population of foxes?

Answer 13

The population is evolving

Question 14

What are the two types of sexual selection?

Answer 14

Intersexual selection- female chooses showy male

Intrasexual selection- males compete for female mates

Question 15

If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galapagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South America finches, even before adapting to the Galapagos, this would have been an example of

Answer 15

Genetic drift and founder’s effect

Question 16

Homologous features show that the two animals had

Answer 16

A common ancestor

Question 17

If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is

Answer 17

11

Question 18

Changing the number of ____ would change it into an atom of a different element.

Answer 18

Protons in an atom

Question 19

The chemical properties of an atom are primarily determined by the number of

Answer 19

Protons it has in its nucleus

Question 20

What are isotopes?

Answer 20

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 21

If two molecules of the general type shown (carbohydrate) were linked together, the single molecule that would result would be

Answer 21

Sucrose

Question 22

Starch and cellulose are both polymers made of

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

What food is a major source of Vitamin D?

Answer 23

Milk, yoghurt, cheese

Question 24

``` Which of the following is not a polymer? Cellulose DNA Starch Glucose ```

Answer 24

Glucose | Starch and cellulose are made of glucose, DNA is made of nucleic acids

Question 25

When the enzyme and substrate are joined in a reaction, the overall structure is called...

Answer 25

The E-S Complex

Question 26

Proteins contain the elements:

Answer 26

C, H, O, N

Question 27

Nucleic acids contain the elements:

Answer 27

C, H, O, N, P

Question 28

Lipids and carbohydrates contain the elements:

Answer 28

C, H, O

Question 29

The building block for carbohydrates is:

Answer 29

Monosaccharide (such as glucose)

Question 30

The building block for lipids is:

Answer 30

No known building block

Question 31

The building block for proteins is:

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

The building block for nucleic acids is:

Answer 32

Nucleotide

Question 33

The presence of a small amount of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals...

Answer 33

Enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily

Question 34

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? They frequently flip flop from one side of the membrane to the other. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane; they are amphipathic.

Answer 34

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane; they are amphipathic.

Question 35

``` Which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis? Movement of glucose molecules Movement of water into a cell Facilitated diffusion NA+ ions moving out of the cell ```

Answer 35

NA+ ions moving out of the cell

Question 36

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with many ribosomes? A cell that is secreting proteins A cell that is digesting food particles A cell that is constructing its cell wall or extra cellular matrix A cell that is producing enzymes

Answer 36

A cell that is producing enzymes

Question 37

``` Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? An amino acid Starch K+ Glucose CO2 ```

Answer 37

CO2

Question 38

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Answer 38

A plant or animal cell

Question 39

Which of the following is a major cause of size limits for certain cell types? The need for a larger surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow a cell's function. The need for a small surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow the cell's function.

Answer 39

The need for a larger surface area to volume ratio that is sufficient to allow a cell's function.

Question 40

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

Answer 40

The lysosome

Question 41

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

Answer 41

Phagocytosis

Question 42

Animal cells like to be in ______ solutions while plant cells like to be in _______ solutions.

Answer 42

Isotonic; hypotonic

Question 43

How do unsaturated fatty acids keep a membrane more fluid?

Answer 43

The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.

Question 44

A moth following the trail of airborne chemicals called pheromones is an example of...

Answer 44

Response to stimuli

Question 45

During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests...

Answer 45

A single variable

Question 46

Phyll

Answer 46

Leaf

Question 47

Milli

Answer 47

One thousand

Question 48

Sunflower follows sunlight while growing

Answer 48

Evolve

Question 49

Give an example of Mullerian mimicry

Answer 49

Two species of unpalatable butterflies with the same wing patterns

Question 50

What are the two types of limiting factors?

Answer 50

Density dependent and density independent

Question 51

What is the formula for population density?

Answer 51

Number of individuals divided by the area

Question 52

What is a diagram that shows the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births?

Answer 52

Survivorship curve

Question 53

Study of evolutionary relationships

Answer 53

Phylogeny

Question 54

Organisms with a vertebrae

Answer 54

Chordata

Question 55

Controlled by two or more traits; produces many possible outcomes

Answer 55

Polygenic traits