Unit 9 Bio Test Flashcards
When muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. This is now known to be caused by __________.
buildup of lactate
Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?
mitochondrial intermembrane space
Comparing light reactions with the Calvin cycle.... Which one(s) require ATP?
Calvin cycle
Comparing light reactions and the Calvin cycle... Which one(s) produces molecular oxygen (O2)?
light reaction
Comparing light reactions and the Calvin cycle... Which one(s) produces NADPH?
light reaction
Comparing light reaction with the Calvin cycle... Which one(s) requires CO2?
Calvin cycle
Comparing light reactions with the Calvin cycle... Which one(s) produces three-carbon sugars?
Calvin cycle
Comparing light reactions and the Calvin cycle... Which one(s) requires glucose?
neither one
How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle?
10
Starting with citrate, which would the the end products from three turns of the citric acid cycle? A) 1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 B) 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 C) 2 ATP, 2 CO2, 1 NADH, and 3 FADH2 D) 3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2
B) 3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2
In cellular respiration, where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
mitochondrial inner membrane
In a plant, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
in both the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane
In addition the ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
NADH and pyruvate
Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which process?
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
food-> NADH-> electron transport chain-> oxygen (last acceptor)
The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during _______________.
neither photosynthesis nor respiration (H2O is split not CO2)
Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?
it uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP
Which kind of poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?
an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is always necessary?
autotrophs
Explain the relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
the light reactions provide ATP and NADPH (energy) to the Calvin cycles, and the cycle returns ADP, NADP+, and Phosphate (Pi) to the light reactions
Which of the following does NOT occur in the Calvin cycle? A) regeneration of the CO2 acceptor B) release of oxygen C) oxidation of NADPH D) consumption of ATP E) carbon fixation
B) release of oxygen
Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
it is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms
When a leafy shoot from a plant is placed in a water solution with red food coloring (dye), which part becomes the most heavily stained?
xylem vessels in the stem
Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 FADH2, approximately how many ATP molecules could be generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)?
212
