BioPsych. Ch. 1

Question 0

Mind-Body Dualism

Answer 0

Suggestion made by Descartes that the body is mechanistic while the mind is separate and non physical.

Question 1

Biological Psychology

Answer 1

The branch of psychology that studies the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes.

Question 2

Monism

Answer 2

Proposal of neuroscience that the mind is the product of activity in the brain and nervous system.

Question 3

Phrenology

Answer 3

Pseudoscience notion that the skull contours indicate personality and character traits.

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

Them study of microscopic cells and tissue.

Question 5

Microtome

Answer 5

Device used to make very thin slices of tissues for histology.

Question 6

Autopsy

Answer 6

An examination of body tissues following death.

Question 7

CT

Answer 7

Computerized Tomography. Imaging technology that uses computers to enhance X-Ray images.

Question 8

PET

Answer 8

Positron Emission Tomography. Imaging technique providing info regarding localization of brain activity. Red and yellow areas showing high activity and blue, green and black areas showing low levels.

Question 9

MRI

Answer 9

Magnet resonance imaging. Imaging technology that uses powerful magnets to provide high resolution structural images.

Question 10

fMRI

Answer 10

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Imaging technique that uses a series of MRI images taken from 1 to 4 seconds apart to assess activity and localization in the brain.

Question 11

EEG

Answer 11

Electroencephalogram. Technology for studying activity in the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 12

Evoked Potentials

Answer 12

Alteration of the EEG recording produced by an environmental stimuli to correlate activity.

Question 13

MEG

Answer 13

Magnetoencephalography. Technology for recording the magnetic output of the brains activity and localization. Shows weak and high levels of activity

Question 14

rTMS

Answer 14

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Technique for stimulating the cortex at regular intervals by applying a magnetic pulse through a wire coil encased in plastic and placed on the scalp. Magnetic stimulation to watch for resulting behavior.

Question 15

Lesion

Answer 15

Pathological or traumatic damage to tissue.

Question 16

Ablation

Answer 16

Surgical removal of tissue.

Question 17

Micro dialysis

Answer 17

Technique for assessing the chemical composition of a very small area of the brain.

Question 18

Twin Studies

Answer 18

Testing heredity vs. environment comparing a variable of interest by using identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins.

Question 19

Heritability

Answer 19

Amount of variability of a trait in a population that is due to genetics.

Question 20

Knockout Genes

Answer 20

Genes that take the place of normal genes but that fail to produce the specific protein produced by the normal genes.

Question 21

Stem Cell

Answer 21

Undifferentiated cell that can divide and differentiate into other types of cells.

Question 22

The Common Rule

Answer 22

Ethical standards shared by federal government and agencies that include protections and provisions to research subjects. Standards apply to any researcher obtaining research funds or conducting research at an institution that receives federal funds. At the level of the university, the researcher has separate institutional review boards (IRBs) for human and animal research. Privately funded research does not fall under the federal oversight system. In animal cases research must show that the knowledge gained is balanced and justifies the use of animals.

Question 23

Stem Cell Ethics

Answer 23

Stem cell sources include adult stem cells, umbilical cord blood, and embryonic stem cells. Ethical controversy around embryos.