biopsychology

Question 1

Broca

Answer 1

Broca’s area, causes brocas aphasia, slow laborous speech.

Question 2

Wernicke

Answer 2

Wernicke’s area, wernickes aphasia, produce nonsense words, neologisms.

Question 3

Phineas Gage

Answer 3

brain damage due to pole through left frontal lobe. mark on personality, quick tempered and rude
frontal lobe may be responsible for regulating mood

Question 4

dougherty et al 2002

Answer 4

44 ppts w OCD undergone a cingulotomy (isolating region cingulate gyrus implicated in OCD).
follow-up 32 weeks, 30% successful response, 14% partial response.
behavioues associated with serious mental disorders may be localised.

Question 5

Petersen 1988

Answer 5

evidence from brain scans, used to demonstrate Wernicke’s area active durig listening task, Broca’s area active reading task, objective.

Question 6

Lashley 1950

Answer 6

removed areas of the cortex in rats that were learning a route through a maze. process of learning seemed to require every part of cortex rather than being confined, not localised, distributed.

Question 7

Dick and Tremblay 2016

Answer 7

only 2% modern researchers think that language in the brain is completely controlled by Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. distribued more holistically.
limits localisation of function.

Question 8

Fink et al 1996

Answer 8

PET scans to identify active brain areas during visual processing task. when ppts asked to look at global elements of an image (big picture), right hem active, fine detail left hem active.
support for hemispheric lat

Question 9

Nielsen 2013

Answer 9

analyzed brain scans 1000, aged 7-29 years, ppl used certain hems for certain tasks but no evidence of dominant side for different tasks. limits hem lat

Question 10

Sperry 1968

Answer 10

split brain research, 11 ppts w SB studied, image to LVF (RH) or only RVF (LH).
RVF- could describe what is seen
LVF- nothing there, could select matching object using left hand.
functions lateralised in brain.

Question 11

Luck et al

Answer 11

SB ppts perform better than normal brains. Faster at identifying odd one out in array of similar objects, hems are distinct.

Question 12

Maguire 2000

Answer 12

research into plasticitym studied brains of London taxi drivers, more volume of grey matter in posterior hippocampus than in control group, dev of navigational skills. learning experience alters structure of taxi drivers brains, +ve correlation job length+ structure difference.

Question 13

Medina 2007

Answer 13

brains adaptation to prolongued drug use leads to poorer cog functioning and increased risk of dementia.
-ve concequences.

Question 14

Bezzola 2012

Answer 14

40 hours of golf training produced changes in the neural representations of movement in ppts 40-60.
fMRI, observed increased motor cortex activity.
neural plasticity can continue through life span.

Question 15

Schneider et al 2014

Answer 15

the more time ppl with brain injury spent in education (cognitive reserve) the greater their changes of a disibilty free recovery.
16+ 40% DFR
12- 10% DFR.
education influences recovery rates

Question 16

Siffre 1962

Answer 16

cave study, spent spent several extended periods underground, effects of biological rhythms. free-running biological rhythm around 25 hours.

Question 17

Aschoff and Wever 1976

Answer 17

ppts spent 4 weeks in WW2 bunker deprived of natural light all circadiam rhythm 24/25 hours, one 29 hrs.
natural s/w cycle longer than 24hrs, entrained by ex zeit.

Question 18

Boivin et al 1996

Answer 18

Night workers engaged in shift work experienced period of rduced concentration aroung 6am, accidents more likely.

Question 19

Knutsson 2003

Answer 19

shift workers 3x more likely to develop heart disease than people who work more typical work patterns.

Question 20

Solomon 1993

Answer 20

high divorce rates im shift workers due to strain of deprived sleep, missing out on family events.
not biiological factors that create -ve effects with shift work.

Question 21

Duffy et al 2001

Answer 21

some ppl have a natural preference for going to bed early (larks) whereas others prefer the opposite (owls).

Question 22

Stern and McClintock (1998)

Answer 22

29 women w irregular periods. samples of pheromones gathered from 9 of the women and rubbed on upper lip of 20 women.
68% of women experienced changes to their cycle, closer to the og donor.

Question 23

Sanassi 2014

Answer 23

effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder, light therapy , light box stimulates strong light to reset body’s internal clock
helped 80%.

Question 24

Tucker et al 2007

Answer 24

large differences between ppts in terms of the duration of each sleep stage, esp 3 and 4, biologically determined.
difficult to describe normal sleep in any meaningful way.

Question 25

DeCoursey et al 2000

Answer 25

destroyed SCN connections in the brains of 30 chipmunks, then returned to natural habitats, observed for 80 days.
s/w cycle disappeared, most killed by predators.
end pac support

Question 26

Ralph 1990

Answer 26

bred ‘mutant’ hamsters with a 20hr s/w cycle. SCN cells from foetal tissue of mutant hamsters, transplanted into normal brains.
cycles of second group deflated to 20 hours
end pac support

Question 27

Damiola et al 2000

Answer 27

demonstrated how changing feeding patterns in mice could alter the circadian rhythms of cells in the liver 12hrs, leavinf rest of SCN unaffected.
other complex influences on s/w cycle.

Question 28

Campbell and Murphy 1998

Answer 28

light may be defected by skin recpetor sites on the body even when info not recieved by eyes.
15 ppts woken at various times, light pad shone on back of their knees.
deviation produced in ppts usual s/w cycles up to 3 hrs

Question 29

Miles et al 1977

Answer 29

young man blind from birth had abnorml circadian rhythm of 24.9 hrs.
despite exposure to social cues (regular mealtimes), s/w cycle couldnt be adjusted .
social cues not effective in resseting biological rhythm.