psychopathology

Question 1

rosenhan + selingman (1889)

Answer 1

failure to function adequately. doesnt conform to interpersonal rules, personal distress, irrational and dangerous behaviour.

Question 2

Jahoda (1958)

Answer 2

deviation from ideal mental health, criteria for what is ideal, eg realistic view of the world, self-actualising.

Question 3

Mowrer (1960)

Answer 3

Two-process model, explanation of phobias.

Question 4

Watson and Rayner (1920)

Answer 4

created a phobia in a 9 month old baby, Little Albert. exposed him to a white rat which originally no anxiety or fear. loud bang in ear (UCS) when rat (NS) came, creating fear (UCR). rat became CS, reaction of fear (UCR), also with other white fluffly objects.

Question 5

Jongh et al (2006)

Answer 5

73% of dental patients with fear of dental treatment also had traumatic experience. Control group, 21% had traumatic experience and no fear. confirms classical conditioning.

Question 6

Gilroy (2003)

Answer 6

42ppts had SD for arachnaphobia, 3 45min sessions. Obesrved at 3 and 33 months, SD group less fearful than control group.

Question 7

Persons (1986)

Answer 7

reported case of woman with phobia of death, after flooding her phobia decreased but phobia of being criticised rose.

Question 8

Beck (1967)

Answer 8

becks negative triad. vulnerability to deprssion in cognition.

Question 9

Clark and Bell (1999)

Answer 9

reviewed cognitive vulnerabilities in depressed ppts, found that they preceeded the depression.

Question 10

Cohen (2019)

Answer 10

tracked development of 470 teens, regularly measured cognitive vulnerability, found it predicted depression.

Question 11

Ellis (1962)

Answer 11

ABC model, poor mental health due to irrational thoughts. activating event, beliefs, consequence.

Question 12

March et al (2007)

Answer 12

comared CBT to antidepressant drugs (AD), after 36 weeks
81% CBT ppts, 81% AD ppts, 86% both ppts improved. affective on its own.

Question 13

Sturmey (2005)

Answer 13

any form of psychotherapy is not suitable for patioents with learning disabilities.

Question 14

lewis and lewis (2008)

Answer 14

CBT is suitable for patients with learning disabilities, effective when used correctly.

Question 15

Ali et al

Answer 15

CBT relapse rates, observed 439 depressed patients every month for 12 months following a CBT course. 42% relapsed in 6m, 53% relapsed 1 yr.

Question 16

Lewis (1936)

Answer 16

observed OCD patients, 37% had parents with OCD, 21% had siblings with OCD, genetic explanation.

Question 17

Taylor (2013)

Answer 17

analyzed previous OCD studies, found 230 genes involved in OCD.

Question 18

Nesdatd (2010)

Answer 18

reviwed twin studies, 68% MZ twins shared OCD, 31% DZ shared OCD.

Question 19

Cromer et al (2007)

Answer 19

environmental factors for OCD, over 1/2 of OCD patients experienced traumatic event in their past.

Question 20

soomro et al (2009)

Answer 20

17 studies, compared SSRI’s to placebo’s in OCD treatment, all better outomes that placebo conditions, symptoms reduced by 70%.

Question 21

Skapinakis (2016)

Answer 21

systematic review of OCD treatment outcome studies, concluded both cognitive and behavioural treatments more effective than SSRI’s .