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Birds Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What causes metabolic bone disease in birds?

A

HypoCa due to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

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2
Q

What are the main Sx of metabolic bone disease in birds?

A 
Muscle fasciculations
Weakness
Tremors 
Pathological fractures
Bone growth deformities
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3
Q

Other than nutritional causes of metabolic bone disease, what are the two other potential causes in birds

A

UV-b

Chronic egg laying

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4
Q

What is the pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis in birds

A

Accumulation of triglycerides in the liver secondary to other conditions

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5
Q

What are the main risk factors for hepatic lipidosis in birds

A 
High fat or high protein diet
Overfeeding neonates
Nutrient deficiency 
Reduced exercise
Hereditary 
Active egg laying 
DM
Stress
Thyroid disease 
Obesity
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6
Q

What are the main Sx of hepatic lipidosis in birds

A

Dyspnoea
Poor liver function
Generally a sick bird

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7
Q

How does DM differ in raptors cf. psittacine birds

A

Raptors - absolute lack of insulin production = hyperglycaemia

Psittacines - elevated blood glucose related to overproduction glucagon cf. underproduction of insulin

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8
Q

How is DM Tx in birds

A

Low carb diet with exogenous insulin to override the effects of ++ glucagon

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9
Q

In which bird spp is thyroid disease common

A

Budgies

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10
Q

What is the main Sx of a testicular sertoli tumour in a budgie

A

Brown hypertrophy of the cere

Lameness on the affected side due to sciatic nerve impingement

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11
Q

What are salt gland and which exotic spp are they seen in

A

Seen in birds

Extra renal pathway for salt excretion when ++ NaCl has been consumed

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12
Q

What is the excretory product of birds urinary system

A

Uric acid

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13
Q

How does gout occur in birds

A

Uric acid = end stage protein metabolism
Levels in blood exceed solubility threshold = uric acid crystals = deposited on surface of internal organs and within joints

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14
Q

How is gout Tx in birds

A

aggressive fluid therapy
Diuretics
Dietary modification

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15
Q

What does egg yolk Peritonitis occur secondary to in birds

A

Ectopic ovulation - infundibulum of salpinx is not attached to ovary - ovulated eggs can go astray

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16
Q

What is chronic egg production in birds due to

A

Over nutrition
Over bonding with owner
Early egg removal
Extended photoperiod

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17
Q

What condition is a common sequel to reproductive disease in Male and female birds

A

Cloacal prolapse

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18
Q

What is the most common URT disease in birds

A

Sinusitis

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19
Q

How can sinusitis be Dx in birds

Study These Flashcards
A

Facial / nares region deformed with periocular swelling
Oculonasal discharge
Dyspnoea

20
Q

What is the main pathogen that causes LRT disease in birds

Study These Flashcards
A

Aspergillosis

21
Q

How might a bird with aspergillosis present

Study These Flashcards
A

Dyspnoea
Inappetence
Lethargy
Reluctance to fly or perch

22
Q

How is aspergillosis Tx in birds

Study These Flashcards
A

Intensive initial stabilisation
Anti-fungal medication
Consider euth - only 50% survive
Antibiotics - secondary infection common

23
Q

What anti-fungal medication for Tx of aspergillosis is contraindicated in grey parrots, name a suitable alternative

Study These Flashcards
A

Itraconozole

Alternative = voriconazole

24
Q

What causes Teflon toxicity in birds

Study These Flashcards
A

Inhalation of fluoridated has produced when PTFE is heated above 240 degree e.g. cooking, ironing

25
What does Teflon toxicity in birds cause and what are the main Sx
Causes pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage and necrosis Sudden death Weak Dyspnoea Neuro Sx
26
What is conjunctivitis in birds associated with
Psittacosis or mycoplasmosis Excess UV exposure Irritants Resp Disease
27
What is acute blindness in budgies related to
Pituitary neoplasia
28
What is the cause of hypovitaminosis A in birds
Seed diet without supplementation
29
What can be the causes of feather destructive behaviour in birds
Medical causes - sexual frustration Environmental causes - boredom Psychogenic causes
30
What is the main DDX for feather destructive behaviour in birds
Psittacine beak and feather disease
31
In which birds is pododermatitis (bumblefoot) most common
Raptors
32
What is the cause of pododermatitis (bumblefoot) in birds
Husbandry related - obesity, inactivity, hypovitaminosis A, inappropriate perch
33
What is wing tip oedema and when does it occur in birds
Dry gangrene syndrome During winter and is triggered by period of cold / freezing weather
34
How do birds with wing tip oedema present
Dropped and tip is swollen / cold with pitting oedema
35
How can the preen gland become diseased in birds
Impacted with secretions Infected Neoplastic change in ducts or glands
36
How does preen gland disease present in birds
Mass or area of clumped feathers
37
What is scissor beak in birds?
Abnormal beak occlusion congenital or secondary to trauma or disease Often see in young birds where they have been fed from one side only
38
What are the main sources of heavy metal toxicity in birds
Zinc = new cage disease, absorbed into gut, damages pancreas Lead = cage toys, environmental, absorbed in gut and retained in soft tissues
39
What are the main Sx of heavy metal toxicity in birds
``` Depression Weakness V+ or D+ PUPD Anorexia Seizures Haemoglobinuria with lead poisoning ```
40
What is psittacosis in birds
Caused by chlamydia psittaci Resp Sx and D+ Zoonotic
41
What is the Tx for psittacosis in birds
Doxycycline
42
What are the four viral diseases of pet birds that are notifiable
West Nile virus Avian influenza Newcastle disease Pigeon paramyxovirus
43
What virus causes Psittacine beak and feather disease
Corcovirus
44
What Sx does clinical psittacine beak and feather disease cause
Lack of powder / feather dander Abnormal feather formation Feathers easily epilated and grow back slowly Secondary infections
45
What is proventricular dilation Disease in birds
Progressive fatal disease affecting the autonomic nervous system of the gut caused by avian bornavoris = macaw wasting Disease
46
How might chicks with polyoma Virus infection present
``` Crop stasis Ecchymotic SC haemorrhage Coelomic distention due to hepato and splenomegaly Abnormal feather production Pericardial effusion Sudden death ```

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