Flashcards in Rabbits Deck (72)
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1
What is an important GIT syndrome in rabbits
Gut stasis
2
What is the pathogenesis of gut stasis in rabbits
Related to other diseases - a symptom not a Dx
3
What are some Sx of gut stasis in rabbits
Anorexia, pain, slow gut motility, reduced faecal production, depression, lethargic, lack of gut sounds or excessively loud borborygmi, impactions felt on palpation
4
What are the two most important initial Tx for gut stasis in rabbits
Analgesia
Fluid support - interstitial fluid flows into the gut causing dehydration
5
Why are rabbits with gut stasis not suitable candidates for a GA
Electrolytes are not secreted / reabsorbed predictably = electrolyte derangement
6
How can gut stasis be Dx on rads?
Dilated loops of guts with fluid and gas
7
Which blood test is linked to GI obstruction in rabbits?
Blood glucose
8
What blood glucose level is linked to GI obstruction and gut stasis in rabbits?
Levels > 18mmol/l
9
What are the DDX for gut stasis in rabbits (9)
GI obstruction
Dysbiosis
Failure to ear caecotrophs
D+
Mucoid enteropathy
Bloat
Caecal impaction
Parasites
Dysautonomia
10
How do the Sx of GI obstruction differ with location in rabbits
Higher the obstruction the more acute and severe the Sx
11
Which class of drugs is contra-indicated in rabbit GI obstruction
Pro kinetics
12
Define dysbiosis
A challenge to or alteration of the gut bacteria
13
What 4 things is dysbiosis related to in rabbits
AntiB use
Body temp
Changes in gut motility
Drastic alterations in diet
14
What are the Sx of dysbiosis in rabbits
Change in faecal consistency
Altered appetite
15
Which 5 AntiB should not be used in rabbits
PLACE AntiB
Penicillins
Lincomycin
Aminoglycosides
Clindomycin
Erythromycin
16
What is failure to eat caecotrophs often misdiagnosed as in rabbits
Diarrhoea
17
How can Diarrhoea and failure to eat caecotrophs be differentiated in rabbits
Rabbits not eating caecotrophs will still produce hard faecal pellets
18
What are the three main causes of a rabbit failing to eat caecotrophs
A change in taste of caecotrophs - diet change, meds, infection
A change in consistency of caecotrophs - more runny than usual due to infection or inflam
An inability to eat them - pain e.g. dental disease, OA, vestibular disease causing poor balance
19
What results from D+ in rabbits
Gut motility disordered - atonic guts
Rapid fluid loss
Electrolyte imbalance
20
What are the main causes of D+ in rabbits
Coccidiosis
Tyzzers disease - clostridium pilliformis
Salmonella
Campylobacter
21
What is mucoid enteropathy in rabbits
D+ complex seen in juvenile rabbits related to low fibre diets
22
What are the main Sx of mucoid enteropathy in rabbits
Mucoid bloody D+
23
How does bloat appear in rabbits
Gut loops filled with gas
24
What is the pathogenesis of bloat in rabbits
Bacteria produce gas in response to a change in microbiome or diet
Gastric dilation = functional obstruction of pyloric outflow
25
What is caecal impaction in rabbits linked to
Abnormal function of fusus coli
26
What are the Sx of caecal impaction in rabbits
No caecotrophs produced = loss of BCS
Painful large doughy caecum on palpation
27
Why is coccidiosis mostly seen in rabbits prior to weaning?
Adults immune post weaning
28
What is coccidiosis associated with in rabbits
Stress
Overstocking
Poor hygiene
29
What type of disease can coccidiosis cause and what are the agents responsible
6x enteric eimeria spp and 1x hepatic eimeria spp
Enteric = D+, stunted growth, weight loss, lethargy, death
Hepatic = subclinical, weight loss, stunted growth, ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly
30
Other than coccidiosis, what three other gut parasites affect rabbits
Passalurus ambiguus - pinworm
Obeliscoides cuniculi - stomach worm
Trichostrongykus retortaeformis - intestinal worm
31
Why is routine worming not indicated in pet rabbits?
Pinworm = commensal
Stomach worm = not reported in pet rabbits
Intestinal worm = not seen in UK, seen in EU and Oz
32
What is dysautonomia
Dysfunction of the ANS
33
What is another name for dysautonomia in rabbits
Megacolon
34
What is the main risk factor for dysautonomia in rabbits
Low fibre diet
35
What are the main Sx of dysautonomia in rabbits
Palpable large bowel impaction
Pain
Reduced GI function
Swallowing difficulties
Urinary incontinence
36
What is the cause of dysautonomia in rabbits
Link to grass sickness in horses
Clostridium botulinum toxins
37
What is the difference between pre and pro biotic
Pre = complex molecules that promote the growth of good bacteria
Pro = forms of good bacteria given orally
38
What a the Sx of dental disease in rabbits
Anorexia
Drooling
Tooth grinding
Wet below chin / paws - hypersalivation
Change in dietary preferences
39
What causes abscesses in rabbits
Secondary to trauma or bite wounds
Post-surgery
Related to dental disease
40
What is the best Tx for abscesses in rabbits
Radical excision including removal of affected teeth
Plus long course of AntiB
41
What is pododermatitis
Dermatitis, ulcers and sores to the plantar surface of the feet
42
What are the main causes of pododermatitis in rabbits
No foot pads - furred plantar surfaces
Obesity
Soiled bedding
Wire floors
43
What is the ear mite spp seen in rabbits
Psoroptes cuniculi
44
Which mite spp causes large white scales and is know as ‘walking dandruff’ in rabbits
Cheyletiella parasitovorax
45
What mite is know as the fur mite and is a commensal in rabbits
Leporocarus gibbus
46
Which flea spp can affect rabbits
Ctenocephalides fells, canis
Spilopsyllus cuniculli
47
How can flea infestation be Tx in rabbits
Imidacloprid - Licensed
Fipronol toxicity
48
Which ectoparasite Disease is most common is rabbits
Myiasis - fly strike
49
Which spp of fly causes fly strike in rabbits
Lucila sericata
50
What must occur to skin prior to fly strike
It must be damaged
51
How can fly strike be Tx and Px in rabbits
Insecticidal
Ivermectin
Rearguard = cyromazine for Px
52
What bacteria causes rabbit syphilis? How does it present? How is it Tx?
Treponema cuniculli
Sexually transmitted genital lesions with auto inoculation leading to facial lesions, lips, eyelids
Tx = penicillin via injection
53
What causes myxomatosis in rabbits and what are the forms of disease
Poxvirus
Systemic - facial and genital oedema
Cutaneous
54
How is myxomatosis transmitted
Insect vectors
55
Which two spp cause ringworm in rabbits
Trichophyton metagrophytes
Microsporum canis
56
What diseases does rabbit calici virus cause?
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease 1 and 2
57
Contrast RHD1 and RHD2
RHD1 = high mortality in rabbits, young immune until 6wks age, reservoir is European Brown Hare
RHD2 = related virus that causes disease in rabbits and hares, lower mortality
58
What is the main resp Disease seen in rabbits
‘Snuffles’
59
What causes snuffles in rabbits
Pasteurella multocida
60
What is snuffles related to in rabbits
Stress
Husbandry
61
How is resp Disease best Dx in rabbits
Deep nasal swab
62
What can cause a head tilt in rabbits
Consequence of prior resp infection that has tracked to the middle or inner ear
Secondary to encephalitozoon cuniculi infection
Peripheral or central nervous disease
63
What is encephalitozoon caniculli and what does it cause in rabbits
Micrsporidium oarasite
Neurological or Renal disease
Related to ‘Floppy Rabbit Syndrome’ and posterior paralysis
64
Why is Renal Disease most commonly seen in older rabbits
Age = reduced GFR, reduced Renal blood flow, reduced ability to maintain acid base and fluid homeostasis
65
What is urine sludging in rabbits
A thick paste of ca in the ventral bladder that is hard to void
66
How does urine sludging occur in rabbits
Ca uptake in rabbits is via GIT and related to dietary content alone
Usually excreted suspended in the urine
Lack of mobility = Ca in urine settles out into a thick sludge on the ventral bladder wall
67
What are the main Sx seen with urine sludging in rabbits
Haematuria
Urine scalding
68
How is urine sludging Tx and Px
Increase fluid intake
Alter diet - feed vegetation wet, reduced Ca pellets, increase water-rich foods e.g. cucumber
69
What can be a complication of urine sludging in rabbits
Urolithiasis
70
What are the 6 main reproductive diseases seen in rabbits
1. Phantom pregnancy
2. Abortion
3. Uterine varices
4. Uterine adenocarcinoma
5. Mastitis
6. Mammary neoplasia
71
What disease can occur in rabbits after neutering that is similar to a disease more commonly seen in ferrets?
Adrenal Disease
72
