Block A 3

Question 1

estimated amount of bacteria worldwide

Answer 1

> 10^30

Question 2

small cell size is a way to cope with what

Answer 2

low substrate availability

Question 3

what does small cell size increase

Answer 3

surface area to volume ratio

Question 4

what does increasing the SA/vol ratio improve

Answer 4

improves ability to supply nutrients to cytoplasmic vol

Question 5

spherical bacteria type

Answer 5

coccus

Question 6

rod bacteria type

Answer 6

bacillus

Question 7

comma bacteria type

Answer 7

spirilla

Question 8

corkscrew bacteria type

Answer 8

spirochetes

Question 9

appendaged bacteria type

Answer 9

caulobacter crescentus

Question 10

filamentous bacteria type

Answer 10

some cyanobacteria

Question 11

why is size and shape of bacteria important

Answer 11

often crucial for success or survival of bacteria in a given habitat (niche)

Question 12

temp range for microbial habitats

Answer 12

-10 to 121

Question 13

pH range for microbial habitats

Answer 13

0-11
(3-5 units for any one species)

Question 14

name of bacteria group that can survive in environments w/o much water

Answer 14

xerophiles

Question 15

name of bac. group that can survive cold temp extremes

Answer 15

psychrophiles

Question 16

name of bac. group that can survive hot temps

Answer 16

thermophiles

Question 17

name of bac. group that can survive very hot temps

Answer 17

hyperthermophiles

Question 18

names of bac. groups that can survive pH extremes

Answer 18

acidophiles
alkaliphiles

Question 19

name of bac. groups that can survive high NaCl conc

Answer 19

halotolerant bacteria
halophiles (salt loving)

Question 20

name of bac. group that can survive high pressure

Answer 20

barophiles

Question 21

what requires O2 for growth

Answer 21

aerobes

Question 22

what will not grow in presence of O2

Answer 22

anaerobes

Question 23

name given when only able to exist in a particular environment/role

Answer 23

obligate

Question 24

name given when organism is able to adapt and survive in presence or lack of oxygen

Answer 24

facultative

Question 25

mutualism

Answer 25

host benefits microbes benefit from their association

Question 26

pathogenesis

Answer 26

microbes cause harm to host

Question 27

what does microbial growth require

Answer 27

energy and building blocks mainly C, N, S, P

Question 28

what are elements, metal ions, and vitamins used at

Answer 28

enzyme cofactors

Question 29

what is extremely important for pathogenic bacteria and why

Answer 29

Iron (Fe2/3) limiting in blood/tissues because it is bound

Question 30

what are siderophores

Answer 30

bacteria use them to capture iron

Question 31

what are siderophores

Answer 31

bacteria use them to capture iron

Question 32

phototrophs

Answer 32

photosynthetic, energy from sunlight

Question 33

chemotrophs

Answer 33

energy from oxidation of chemicals

Question 34

chemolithotrophs

Answer 34

energy from inorganic chemicals hydrogen sulfide, sulfer, ammonia, nitrities, H gas, iron

Question 35

chemoorganotrophs

Answer 35

energy from oxidation of organic chemicals

Question 36

autotrophic

Answer 36

(self feeders) can make organic mols from inorganic nutrients assimilates C-1 compounds (usually CO2)

Question 37

heterotrophic

Answer 37

(food from others) cannot make organic mols from inorganic nutrients depends on OM for energy generation and precursors for cell material

Question 38

oligotrophy

Answer 38

small feeding growth at low nutrient concentrations

Question 39

example of photoautotrophs

Answer 39

green sulfur bac. purple sulfur bac, cyanobacteria

Question 40

how does cyanobacteria form carbohydrates

Answer 40

uses H atoms from water to reduce CO2

Question 41

lichens association with cyanobacteria

Answer 41

an ascomycete and a cyanobacterium cyan provides organic compounds via photosynthesis, fixes N fungus provides protection

Question 42

example of a photoheterotroph

Answer 42

halobacteria

Question 43

how is light energy used in halobacteria

Answer 43

used to transfer protons across the membrane out of the cell proton gradient used to generate ATP

Question 44

examples of chemoheterotrophs

Answer 44

e.coli pseudomonads bacillus species

Question 45

what are most bacterial pathogens

Answer 45

chemoheterotrophs

Question 46

out of the 3 domains, what has greatest metabolic diversity

Answer 46

archaea and bacteria over eukaryotes