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BM211 microbiology > Block D 1 > Flashcards

Block D 1 Flashcards

virology

1
Q

what are the 5 classes of viruses

A

-respiratory viruses
-enteric viruses
-arboviruses
-hepatitis viruses
-sexually transmitted viruses

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2
Q

examples of respiratory viruses

A

influenza
rhinovirus
adenovirus
coronavirus

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3
Q

how are respiratory viruses usually acquired

A

inhalation of droplets and replicated in the respiratory tract

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4
Q

examples of enteric viruses

A

polio
rotavirus
reovirus
some adenovirus

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5
Q

where do enteric viruses replicate

A

in the gut

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6
Q

how are enteric viruses acquired

A

ingestion of faecal-contaminated material

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7
Q

examples of arboviruses

A

flaviruses
bunyaviruses
some rhabdoviruses

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8
Q

what do arboviruses infect

A

infects insects that ingest vertebrate blood

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9
Q

where do arboviruses replicate

A

in the tissue of the insect and then transmitted to vertebrate host

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10
Q

what are hepatitis viruses

A

all viruses that cause liver disease

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11
Q

examples of sexually transmitted viruses

A

herpes simplex
papilloma viruses

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12
Q

what is the easiest virus to grow

A

bacterial viruses

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13
Q

why are plant viruses the most difficult to cultivate

A

often requires growth of the whole plant

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14
Q

what can animal viruses (and some plant viruses) be cultivated in

A

tissue/cell cultues

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15
Q

what does titer mean

A

number of infectious units per volume of fluid

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16
Q

what is a plaque assay

A

analogous to the bacterial colony
one way to measure virus infectivity

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17
Q

what are the 2 symmetries of capsid

A

helical
icosohedral

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18
Q

what are capsids formed from

A

structural subunits

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19
Q

what are large assemblies of capsids referred to as

A

capsomers

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20
Q

what is the term given to viruses without membranes

A

naked

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21
Q

what does virion consist of

A

nucleic acid packaged into a protein coat (capsid)

22
Q

what is a nucleocapsid

A

nucleic acid and protein packaged into a virus

23
Q

what do some virions contain making them critical to infection

A

enzymes

24
Q

what are the 3 enzymes that some virions contain

A

lysozyme
nucleic acid polymerases
neuraminidases

25
Q

function of lysozymes

A

makes hole in cell wall
lyses bacterial cell

26
Q

what do neuraminidases do

A

cleave glycosidic bonds
allows liberation of viruses from cell

27
Q

what is the Baltimore classification system

A

used to classify viruses based on their manner of mRNA synthesis

28
Q

3 stages of virus replication

A

initiation
replication
release

29
Q

what are the 4 stages of the initiation phase of virus rep

A

recognition
attachment
penetration
uncoating

30
Q

what are the 4 stages of the replication stage of virus rep

A

transcription
protein synthesis
genome replication
assembly

31
Q

what are the 2 stages of the release stage of virus rep

A

lysis and release
budding and release

32
Q

in virus replication what may receptors be

A

proteins
carbohydrates
glycoproteins
glycolipids

33
Q

in virus replication what may viral attachment be

A

capsid
protein that extends from capsid
glycoproteins of enveloped viruses

34
Q

what type of penetration occurs with naked viruses

A

pore mediated
(viropexis)

35
Q

in virus replication what occurs when the virus is naked and enveloped

A

endocytosis

36
Q

in virus replication what occurs when the virus is enveloped

A

membrane fusion

37
Q

what does size have to do with host dependency

A

smaller the virus the more dependent on host

38
Q

what do many viruses promote

A

cell growth

39
Q

where does transcription occur in DNA viruses

A

nucleus

40
Q

what is transcription regulated by (DNA viruses)

A

by interaction of DNA binding proteins wth regions of viral genome

41
Q

what is transcribed first (DNA viruses)

A

mRNA for nonstructural proteins
(early proteins)

42
Q

where is DNA replication initiated at (DNA viruses)

A

origin

43
Q

what is DNA rep said to be (DNA viruses)

A

semi conservative

44
Q

what is always formed in replication of RNA viruses

A

DSRNA replicative intermediate

45
Q

what must polymerases MUST be (RNA viruses)

A

virus encoded

46
Q

where does RNA replication occur

A

cytoplasm

47
Q

what type of viruses are more prone to mutation

A

RNA viruses

48
Q

what strand of virus is rabies

A

-ve RNA

49
Q

what does translation of viral mRNA depend on

A

host cell functions

50
Q

what can eukaryotic ribosomes not translate

A

polycistronic mRNA

51
Q

what do viruses promote (viral protein synthesis)

A

preferential translation of their mRNA

BM211 microbiology (14 decks)

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