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Anatomy & Physio > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Why is blood considered connective tissue?

A

Consists of cells suspended in extracellular background material (matrix)`

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2
Q

How much weight does blood volume approximately account for?

A

8%

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3
Q

What are the 3 Major functions of blood

A
  1. Transportation
  2. Regulation
  3. Protection
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4
Q

What are the 4 things that blood transports?

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Waste
  3. Gases
  4. Hormones
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5
Q

What are the 3 things that blood helps to help regulate?

A
  1. pH
  2. Fluid Balance
  3. Heat
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6
Q

What are the 2 things blood helps to protect against?

A
  1. Disease

2. Fluid loss

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7
Q

What is the normal range of blood pH?

A

7.35 - 7.45 (basic)

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8
Q

Blood maintains fluid balances by means of maintaining…

A

osmotic pressure (concentration of dissolved and suspended particles in solution)

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9
Q

What are the 2 main components of blood?

A
  1. Plasma

2. Formed elements

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10
Q

Which percentage of total blood volume is plasma?

A

55%

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11
Q

What are the 4 other components of plasma called?

A

Plasma proteins

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12
Q

Names of functions of the 4 blood plasma proteins:

A
  1. Albumin (made in liver, needed for osmotic pressure)
  2. Clotting factors (made in liver, blood coagulation)
  3. Antibodies (Made my WBCs, combat infection)
  4. Complement (enzyme group, helps antibodies fight pathogens)
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13
Q

Percentage breakdown of plasma

A

91% water
8% plasma proteins
1% nutrients, electrolytes

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14
Q

What is the principal carbohydrate found in plasma?

A

glucose

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15
Q

Sources of glucose:

A

Digested from food, produced by liver as glycogen

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16
Q

How is it possible for lipids to be transported in the plasma?

A

Binding of lipids to proteins to form lipoproteins

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17
Q

What are the 7 electrolytes found in plasma?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Carbonate
  3. Chloride
  4. Magnesium
  5. Phosphate
  6. Potassium
  7. Sodium
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18
Q

What are the 3 categories of the Formed elements

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Thrombocytes (platelets)
19
Q

Number of Erythrocytes per mcL of blood

A

5 million

20
Q

Number of Leukocytes per mcL of blood

A

5000- 10,000

21
Q

Number of Thrombocytes per mcL of blood

A

150,000- 450,000

22
Q

What are stem cells also called?

A

Hematopoietic cells

23
Q

2 lesser functions of hemoglobin

A
  1. Binds to hydrogen to act as a buffer in ph balance

2. Binds to CO2 to carry from tissue to lungs

24
Q

Average time erythrocytes spend in circulation before splenic and hepatic destruction

A

120 days

25
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

Hormone generated by kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in function of low oxygen levels

26
Q

3 types of granular leukocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
27
Q

Percentage of Neutrophils of all leukocytes

A

60%

28
Q

Another name for neutrophils and why

A

Polymorphs because of varying nucleus shapes

29
Q

Allergic reaction causes the increase of which granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils, basophils

30
Q

Infection causes the increase of which granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

What are the 2 agranulocytes?

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

32
Q

What is the second most abundant leukocyte?

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

Where do lymphocytes originate and mature?

A

Originate in bone marrow, mature in lymphoid tissue

34
Q

Where is lymphoid tissue found?

A

Spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, lymph nodes

35
Q

The 2 leukocytes that engage in phagocytosis

A
  1. Neutrophils

2. Monocytes

36
Q

Place of origin of thrombocytes

A

Bone marrow cells: Megakaryocytes

37
Q

Life span of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

10 days

38
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Process that prevents blood loss when a blood vessel ruptures

39
Q

3 step process of hemostasis

A
  1. Muscle contraction (reduces blood flow)
  2. Platelet plug
  3. Coagulation
40
Q

Clotting involves what number of clotting factors?

A

12

41
Q

Clotting factors are produced by which organ?

A

Liver

42
Q

Which vitamin is essential for the liver to produce clotting factors

A

Vitamin K

43
Q

The final process of clot formation involves conversion of what to what?

A

Plasma protein Fibrinogen to threads of fibrin

44
Q

Arrange and describe the process involving thrombin, calcium, prothrombinase, fibrin, and fibrinogen

A

Prothrombinase needs calcium to convert prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin strands

Anatomy & Physio (19 decks)

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