Urinary System

Question 1

What are Amene groups converted to, in the process of cellular metabolism?

Answer 1

NH3 Ammonia

Question 2

What does the liver do with the ammonia waste?

Answer 2

Converts in into Urea

Question 3

What are the two functions of the urinary system?

Answer 3

1. Removal of waste via excretion (filtration)

2. Regulate balance of water and salt in your blood

Question 4

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 4

Against the posterior body wall, retroperitoneal

Question 5

Are the kidneys inside the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

The 3 distinct layer of the kidney

Answer 6

1. Renal cortex
2. Renal medulla
3. Renal pelvis

Question 7

What is notable about the right kidney?

Answer 7

Slightly lower in position to accommodate liver

Question 8

Each kidney is enclosed in what?

Answer 8

Renal capsule

Question 9

Which vessel supplies blood to the kidneys?

Answer 9

Renal artery

Question 10

What is the function of medulla?

Answer 10

Formation and storage of urine

Question 11

What is the function of a renal pelvis?

Answer 11

To funnel urine into the ureters

Question 12

What forces urine out of the kidney and into the bladder?

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

At any given moment how much of your total blood volume is held in the kidneys?

Answer 13

20% +

Question 14

On average, how many liters of blood a day are filtered by the kidneys?

Answer 14

120-140 liters

Question 15

Renal arteries branch into what?

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

Capillaries branch further into what?

Answer 16

Nephrons

Question 17

What are the 3 functions of the nephrons?

Answer 17

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion

Question 18

What is inside the Glomerular capsule?

Answer 18

Glomerulus

Question 19

List the sequence of structure of the Nephron

Answer 19

Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tube (PCT), nephron loop [asscending & descending limbs], distal convoluted tube (DCT), collecting duct, renal pelvis

Question 20

What supplies the glomerulus with blood?

Answer 20

Afferent arteriole

Question 21

Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?

Answer 21

Efferent arteriole

Question 22

What does the endothelium of the glomerular capsule facilitate?

Answer 22

The passing of waste, ions, glucose, and amino acids into the capsule but block out bigger molecules like blood cells and proteins

Question 23

Where do the bigger molecules (blood cells and proteins) at stay in the blood travel to, after being blocked out by the glomerular capsule

Answer 23

Peritubular capillaries or Vasa recta

Question 24

What is the stuff that gets squeezed out of the glomerulus called?

Answer 24

Filtrate

Question 25

What is the purpose for the long curving shape of the tubules?

Answer 25

To allow more time and space for reabsorption

Question 26

Structure and function of PCT

Answer 26

Walls contain mitochondria to create ATP to power pumps to pull sodium ions from filtrate via active transport

Walls also contain microvilli to reabsorb usable substances back into blood

Question 27

What is the primary task of nephron loop?

Answer 27

Drive the reabsorption of water

Question 28

Describe reabsorption of water in nephron loop.

Answer 28

Creation of salt concentration gradient in the medulla. Actively pumps out salt in ascending limb which creates salty interstitial fluid in the medulla… New filtrate coming down the descending limb flows passively into the interstitial fluid

Question 29

Why is the reabsorption in the nephron loop important?

Answer 29

Without it, we would dehydrate rapidly by excreting all of our water

Question 30

Key principle in Glomerular filtration

Answer 30

Increased hydrostatic pressure