Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. CNS

2. PNS

Question 2

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 3

The neuron

Question 4

List the major components of a neuron

Answer 4

Dendrite, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin, nodes of Ranvier

Question 5

What are the 3 principle functions of the nervous system?

Answer 5

1. Sensory input
2. Integration
3. Sensory output

Question 6

Which division is the afferent?

Answer 6

Sensory division

Question 7

Which division is the efferent?

Answer 7

Motor division

Question 8

What are the 2 divisions of the motor division?

Answer 8

1. Somatic

2. Autonomic

Question 9

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

1. Sympathetic

2. Para-sympathetic

Question 10

What surrounds the nerve cells?

Answer 10

Glial cells

Question 11

What are the general functions of glial cells?

Answer 11

Provide support, nutrition, insulation and help with signal transmission

Question 12

What are the 4 glial cells of the CNS?

Answer 12

1. Astrocytes
2. Microglial cells
3. Ependymal cells
4. Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

Functions of Astrocytes

Answer 13

Regulate ions, exchange materials between neurons and capillaries

Question 14

Functions of Microglial cells

Answer 14

Immune Defense against invading microbes

Question 15

Functions of Ependymal cells

Answer 15

Line cavities in the brain and spinal cord. Create, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

Functions of Oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

Wrap around neurons creating the insulation which is the myelin sheath

Question 17

What are the 2 types of glial cells of the PNS

Answer 17

1. Satellite cells

2. Schwan cells

Question 18

Functions of the satellite cells

Answer 18

Surround cells and support and facilitate nutrition

Question 19

Function of Schwan cells

Answer 19

Produce insulating barrier called myelin sheath

Question 20

Definition of Amitotic

Answer 20

Once neuron takes on given role in nervous system, they lose their ability to divide

Question 21

What percent of daily caloric intake is used by your brain?

Answer 21

25%

Question 22

What is the outermost layer of a Schwann cell called?

Answer 22

Neurilemma

Question 23

What are the 3 functional categories of neurons within the CNS?

Answer 23

1. Sensory neurons
2. Motor neurons
3. Interneurons

Question 24

Function of interneurons

Answer 24

Relay information from place to place within the CNS

Question 25

What are white fibers?

Answer 25

Myelinated axons

Question 26

What is the difference between white and grey matter in the brain?

Answer 26

White matter is myelinated and grey matter isn’t

Question 27

What are fiber bundles located in the CNS and PNS called, respectively?

Answer 27

Tracts and nerves

Question 28

Name 4 neuro transmitters

Answer 28

1. Norepinephrine
2. Seratonin
3. Dopamine
4. Acetylcholine

Question 29

Which neurotransmitter is present in the neuromuscular junction

Answer 29

Acetylcholine

Question 30

4 ways neurotransmitters are removed

Answer 30

1. Reuptake
2. disolved by Enzymes
3. Used by glial cells
4. Slow diffusion