Blood and Lymphatic System

Question 1

what is plasma?

Answer 1

nonliving fluid matrix in which living blood cells are suspended in

Question 2

what does a centrifuge do?

Answer 2

It separates the heavier formed elements and plasma in the blood.

Question 3

what are platelets?

Answer 3

cell fragments that function in the blood-clotting process
- found in the Buffy coat

Question 4

What is the Hematocrit?

Answer 4

the percentages of erythrocytes (45%) of a blood sample

Question 5

blood is how many times heavier than water?

Answer 5

5 time thicker (slightly alkaline)

Question 6

ph of blood is… and temp is…

Answer 6

7.35-7.45
38C or 100.4F (slightly higher than body temp

Question 7

How much percent of plasma is water?

Answer 7

90% water (Making up the liquid portion of blood)

Question 8

what substances are dissolved into plasma?

Answer 8

nutrients
metal ions
salts
respiratory gasses
hormones
plasma
wastes and products of cell metabolism

Question 9

Do RBC have a nucleus?

Answer 9

No they contain few organelles
Mature RBC= sacs of hemoglobin molecules

Question 10

What does the iron containing protein -Hemoglobin do?

Answer 10

Transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in blood and binds to small amounts of CO2

Question 11

RBC outnumber white blood cells…

Answer 11

100 to 1

Question 12

how many RBC per cubic millimeter of blood?

Answer 12

5 million

Question 13

lower than normal number of RBC or abnormal of deficients of hemoglobin content in the RBC result in??

Answer 13

Anemia

Question 14

Hemorrhagic animia

Answer 14

result of a sudden hemorrhage - caused by decease in RBC

Question 15

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 15

result of the lysis of RBCs as a result of bacterial infections

Question 16

Pernicious anemia

Answer 16

result of a lack of vitamin B12
- usually due to a lack of intrinsic factors required for absorption of the vitamin
- intrinsic factor is formed by stomach mucosa cells

Question 17

aplastic anemia

Answer 17

resulting from depression destruction of bone marrow by cancer, radiation, certain madications

Question 18

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 18

result of the lack of iron in diet or slow prolonged bleeding

Question 19

sickle cell anemia

Answer 19

result from genetic defects that leads to abnormal hemoglobin
sickle shape easy to clot

Question 20

there are how many WBC per cubic millimeter

Answer 20

4000,11000

Question 21

diapedesis is the process of what?

Answer 21

WBC shipping into and out of the blood vessels

Question 22

can red blood cells ship to other blood vessels?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

normal platelet count in blood is

Answer 23

300,000/mm3

Question 24

what is hemostasis?

Answer 24

3 phases
the platelet plug
vascular spasms occur
coagulation events occur
(when blood vessels breaks the body repairs it)

Question 25

What is Thrombus disorder?

Answer 25

a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel it may prevent blood flow to the cells beyond the blockage

Question 26

What is Hemophillia disorder?

Answer 26

applies to several different hereditary bleeding disorders that result from a lack of any of the factors needed for clotting

Question 27

What are antigens? Blood type

Answer 27

substances that the body recognizes as foreign - it stimulates the immune system to release antibodies of use other means to mount a defense against it

Question 28

what are lymphatic vessels for?

Answer 28

slurping up nutrients and exchanging them between the blood and interstitial fluid

Question 29

benefits of vaccines

Answer 29

- spare us of the signs and symptoms of the primary response of a disease - promote immunological memory to weaken future antigens

Question 30

what are memory cells?

Answer 30

- exists years after the initial immune response - enable the body to respond quickly and efficiently to future infections

Question 31

Rheumatoid arthritis does what

Answer 31

destroys the joints

Question 32

myasthenia gravis

Answer 32

impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles

Question 33

graves disease

Answer 33

- thyroid gland produces excess amounts of thyroxine

Question 34

Type one diabetes Mellitus

Answer 34

destroys pancreatic beta cells resulting in deficient production of insulin

Question 35

systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 35

a systematic disease that occurs mainly in young women affects kidneys heart lungs and skin

Question 36

glomerulonephritis

Answer 36

severely impaired kidney functionegf

Question 37

allergic contact dermatitis is when

Answer 37

agents get into the skin and bind to proteins which are then preceived as foreign - poison ivy lead mercury cosmetics deoderants

Question 38

when allergen is inhaled what happens

Answer 38

allergies - asthma symptoms - bronchioles contract - treated by antihistimines

Question 39

what do B cells do?

Answer 39

produce antibodies

Question 40

What do T cells do?

Answer 40

- don't produce antibodies - recognize foreign antigens - call in other cells to take out

Question 41

what is interferon

Answer 41

proteins that interfere with a virus' ability to reproduce

Question 42

what happens when you have a fever?

Answer 42

bacteria require lare amounts of iron and zync to multiply -liver spleen gather up these nutrients making them less available

Question 43

what do tonsils do?

Answer 43

trap and remove any bacteria THROAT

Question 44

what does the spleen do?

Answer 44

filters the blood of bacteria viruses and debris - does not filter lymph UNDER CHEST ON THE SIDE

Question 45

when blood from spleen and liver is secreted its in a

Answer 45

hemorrhage

Question 46

what does the tymus do?

Answer 46

produce thymosin - function in the programming of lymphocytes - lets lymphocytes distinguish between our own cells and foreign cells MIDDLE OF CHEST

Question 47

bacteria trapped into the nodes cause

Answer 47

inflammation but it is not painful

Question 48

Peyer's patches

Answer 48

DISTAL PART OF SMALL INTESTINE

Question 49

Appendix

Answer 49

OFFSHOOT OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

Question 50

MALT stands for

Answer 50

Mucosa-associated lymphoid

Question 51

what is chemotaxis?

Question 52

What is Diapedesis?

Answer 52

When WBC flatten out and squeeze through the capillary walls -happens in response to histamine being released3