urinary system

Question 1

what do the kidneys do?

Answer 1

maintain the purity and constancy of our internal fluid

Question 2

they kidneys filter how much

Answer 2

gallons

Question 3

kidneys eliminate what

Answer 3

nitrogen wastes
toxins
drugs

Question 4

kidneys also do what

Answer 4

regulate bloods volume and chemical makeup

Question 5

kidneys extend from the

Answer 5

T12 to the L3

Question 6

the liver crowds the ( ) kidney so its slightly lower than the left kidney

Answer 6

right

Question 7

what average adult kidney is

Answer 7

12 cm and 6 cm wide 2 in thick

Question 8

medial indentation of the kidney is called

Answer 8

hilus

Question 9

what enter/exits the kidney at the hilus?

Answer 9

urters
renal blood vessels
the nerves

Question 10

what’s on top of each kidney?

Answer 10

adrenal galnd

Question 11

what is ptosis

Answer 11

fat around kidney dwinles

Question 12

what is the outer region of kidney?

Answer 12

renal cortex

Question 13

what are the renal columns?

Answer 13

extensions of cortex like tissue separate the pyramids

Question 14

what is medial to the hilus and flat basin-like cavity called?

Answer 14

renal pelvis
(continuous with the ureter leaving the hilus)

Question 15

what are the extensions of the pelvis?

Answer 15

calyces

Question 16

what are calyces?

Answer 16

cup shaped areas that enclose the tips pf the pyramids

Question 17

calyces function?

Answer 17

collecting urine which continuously drains from the tips of the pyramids into the renal pelvis

Question 18

explain the blood supply once inside the pelvis

Answer 18

-the segmented arteries break up into lobar arteries
-branch out into interlobar arteries
-which travels through the renal colums to reach the cortex

Question 19

what are nephrons?

Answer 19

the structural and functional units of the kidney

Question 20

what do nephrons do?

Answer 20

form the urine product

Question 21

how many mepherons are in each kidney?

Answer 21

over a million

Question 22

a nephron consists of 2 main structures

Answer 22

glomerulus ( knot of capillaries)
a renal tubule

Question 23

the closed end of the renal tubule is the

Answer 23

glomerular or browman’s capsule

Question 24

the 3 regions of the glomerular capsule

Answer 24

1. the proximal convoluted tubule
2. loop of henle
3. distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

urine is the result of these 3 things

Answer 25

filtration reabsoption secretion

Question 26

what is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 26

begins as soon as the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 27

what do tubule cells do

Answer 27

transports

Question 28

what happens during tubular reabsorption?

Answer 28

they are absorbed into the capillary blood vessels most substances are reabsorbed by the use of active transport which used membrane carries and is very selective

Question 29

nitrogen wastes

Answer 29

urea uric acid creatinine

Question 30

what is urea

Answer 30

formed by the liver as an end protein breakdown when amino acid are used to produce energy

Question 31

uric acid is

Answer 31

released when nucleic acids and metabolized

Question 32

creatinine is

Answer 32

associated with the metabolism of muscle tissue

Question 33

what is secretion

Answer 33

getting rid of substances not already in the filtrate such as drugs controlling blood ph

Question 34

odoer of urine

Answer 34

ammonia caused by the action of bacteria on the urine solutes

Question 35

what is mercaptan?

Answer 35

sulfer compound in asparagus

Question 36

oh of urine

Answer 36

6

Question 37

peristalsis is

Answer 37

propelling urine into the bladder

Question 38

where is the urinary bladder located?

Answer 38

retroperitoneally in the pelvis just posterior to the pubic symphysis

Question 39

what is the trigone?

Answer 39

the smooth triangular region of the bladder base outlined by thee three openings infections tend to occur here

Question 40

where is the prostate gland located

Answer 40

surrounds the neck of the bladder where it empties into the urethra

Question 41

what is the urethra? female

Answer 41

3-4 cm females opening lies anteriorly to the vaginal opening its function is to conduct urine to the body exterior

Question 42

urethra male

Answer 42

20 cm 3 regions prostatic membranous spongy or penile opens at tip of penis

Question 43

what is micturition

Answer 43

the act of voiding or emptying the bladder