INTEGUMENTARY

Question 1

What is our Cutaneous Membranes consist of?

Answer 1

Skin (superficial epidermis)
Stratified squamous
the underlying dermis is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

Question 2

What is our Mucous Membrane consist of?

Answer 2

composed of epithelium resting on loose connective tissue membrane (Lamina Proprina)

Question 3

What causes the epidermis and dermis to separate?

Answer 3

Burns or friction

Question 4

skin separation results in…

Answer 4

a blister

Question 5

Subcutaneous Tissue deep in the dermis is the…

Answer 5

hypo dermis

Question 6

What is the hypo dermis made up of?

Answer 6

Adipose Tissue

Question 7

Subcutaneous Tissue

Answer 7

not considered part of the skin
it does anchor the skin to underlying organs

Question 8

What are the layers of epidermis called?

Answer 8

Strata

Question 9

Epidermis layers (inside to outside)

Answer 9

Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum

Question 10

avascular

Answer 10

no blood supply of its own

Question 11

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 11

(Keratin Cells)
Produce Keratin
The fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer

Question 12

Stratun Basale

Answer 12

deepest layer
lies CLOSEST to the dermis
contains the only epidermal cells that receive adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis
constantly undergoing cell division
millions of new cells are produced daily

Question 13

Stratun Basale

Answer 13

The abundance of Keratin this tissue layer a durable overcoat
protects deeper cells from the hostile external environment and from water loss
helps the body resist biological chemical and physical asssults

Question 14

What is Melanin?

Answer 14

A pigment that ranges from yellow to brown to black

Question 15

What is Melanin produced by?

Answer 15

Special cells called melanocytes
found in chiefly in the stratum basale

Question 16

What does the dermis consist of?

Answer 16

Dense fibrous connective tissue.
Has two major regions the papillary and reticular

Question 17

What is the papillary layer like?

Answer 17

The upper dermal region
uneven and has dermal papillae
finger like projections from its superior surface
indent the epidermis

Question 18

Papillary layer consists of? (houses)

Answer 18

capillary loops
furnish nutrients to the epidermis
other house- pain receptors (free nerve endings), touch receptors

Question 19

Where is the papillary layer found?

Answer 19

palms of hands and soles of feet
papillae are arranged in definite patterns that form looped and whorled ridges
the epidermal surface increases friction and enhances gripping ability

Question 20

Reticular layer consists of?

Answer 20

Deepest skin layer
blood cells
sweat and oil glands
Pacinian corpuscles
deep pressure receptors

Question 21

What 3 pigments contribute to skin color?

Answer 21

Melanin
carotene
oxygen

Question 22

How does Carotene contribute to skin color?

Answer 22

The amount deposited in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue

Question 23

How does oxygen contribute to skin color?

Answer 23

The amount bound to hemoglobin (pigment in red blood cells) in the dermal blood vessels

Question 24

What gives skin the rosy glow?

Answer 24

The crimson color of oxygen- rich hemoglobin in the dermal blood supply flushes through the transparent cell layers above

Question 25

cutaneous glands (exocrine)

Answer 25

- all are exocrine glands - exocrine glands retain their ducts - their secretion empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface

Question 26

What are the two types of Cutaneous glands?

Answer 26

Sebaceous sweat

Question 27

Sebaceous glads

Answer 27

oil glands are found all over the skin except for the hands and soles of feet their ducts usually empty into hair follicles some open directly onto the skin surface

Question 28

What is Sebum?

Answer 28

seb=grease the product of the sebaceous glands mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells a lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist prevents the hair from becoming brittle

Question 29

What does Sebum do?

Answer 29

It contains a chemical that helps kill bacteria and prevents the bacteria on the skin surface from invading the deeper skin regions

Question 30

What is a white head?

Answer 30

if a sebaceous glands becomes blocked with sebum

Question 31

What is a Black head?

Answer 31

if the accumulated material of the whitehead oxidizes and dries, it darkens

Question 32

What are the two types of Sudoriferous glands? (Sweat)

Answer 32

widely distributed in the skin- 2.5 million per person Eccrine glands apocrine glands

Question 33

What eccrine glands?

Answer 33

found all over body produce sweat a clear secretion that is primarily water some salts vitamin c traces of metabolic wastes lactic acid

Question 34

What appocrine glands?

Answer 34

found in the armpit-axillary larger than eccrine glands ducts empty into hair follicles

Question 35

what do appocrine contain?

Answer 35

fatty acids proteins oderless until bacteria that live on the skin use its proteins and fats as a source of nutrition for their growth

Question 36

What is hair function?

Answer 36

shielding the eyes helping to keep foreign particles out of the respiratory tract

Question 37

Parts of hair

Answer 37

Hair is a flexible epithelial structure, produced by hair follicle root is the part enclosed in the follicle shaft is the part projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin

Question 38

What is a nail?

Answer 38

a scale like modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or claw of other animals

Question 39

Three regions of nails

Answer 39

1. Free edge 2. the nail body (visible attached portion) 3. the nail root (embedded in the skin)

Question 40

What is the nail bed?

Answer 40

stratum basale of the epidermis that extends beneath the nail

Question 41

What is the nail matrix?

Answer 41

responsible for nail growth as the nail cells produced by the matrix, they become heavily keratinized and die like hair they are mostly nonliving material

Question 42

Endocrine glands

Answer 42

lose their connection to the surface (duct) they are often called ductless glands their secretions empty directly into the blood