Blood Cell Terminology and CBC

Question 1

What is another name for platelets?

Answer 1

Thrombocytes

Question 2

What is the function of thrombocytes?

Answer 2

Major component of clotting system, plug holes in blood vessels

Question 3

What are white blood cells also named?

Answer 3

leukocytes

Question 4

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 4

Serum does not contain clotting factors

Question 5

What is hematocrit?

Answer 5

fraction of whole blood composed of RBCs

Question 6

Why is RBC described as “biconcave disc”

Answer 6

Disc-shaped with central concavity on each surface

Question 7

How does RBC generate ATP

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

How large should the central pallor on a normal RBC be?

Answer 8

1/3 diameter

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT have a segmented nucleus

a) neutrophils
b) eosinophils
c) basophils
d) lymphocytes

Answer 9

d)

Question 10

What type of leukocyte contains an irregular shaped nucleus and vacuoles?

Answer 10

Monocyte

Question 11

Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a dark nucleus that takes up most of cell?

Answer 11

Lymphocyte

Question 12

What is the color of the granules in:
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils

Answer 12

Red
Purple
Blue

Question 13

A _______ cell is a maturing neurophil and is characterized by a bent nucleus

Answer 13

Band

Question 14

What do monocytes differentiate into?

Answer 14

Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Question 15

Which of the following secrete histamine?

a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils

Answer 15

b)

Question 16

Which of the following is the body’s first response to trauma

a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils

Answer 16

d)

Question 17

True or false: Platelets have no organelles

Answer 17

false, have mitochondria

Question 18

True or false: RBC count is naturally higher in men than women

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis may all lead to what?

Answer 19

Neoplasm

Question 20

Thrombocytosis is a sign of ________

Answer 20

inflammation

Question 21

Erythrocytosis causes a reaction to increased O2 demand called ____________

Answer 21

polycythemia

Question 22

What is the formula for red cell distribution width?

Answer 22

RDW = SD/MCV * 100

Question 23

Anemia can be caused by which of the following:

a) low RBCs
b) low HCT
b) low Hgb
e) all of the above

Answer 23

e)

Question 24

How is hemoglobin measured in the lab?

Answer 24

RBCs are lysed then CN-containing reagent is added to form cyanmethemoglobin then absorption is assessed at 540 nm

Question 25

Hematocrit is normally measured using

Answer 25

CALCULATIONS! total RBC volume / total blood volume

Question 26

What is the difference between mean corpuscular Hgb and mean corpuscular Hgb concn?

Answer 26

First one is avg mass of Hgb per RBC, second one is concn of Hgb per RBC ``` MCH = HGB/RBC MCHC = HGB/HCT or MCH/MCV ```

Question 27

Under which condition would you see high side scatter? 1) high cell complexity 2) high granules 3) larger cells

Answer 27

1) complexity

Question 28

Under which condition would you see high forward scatter? 1) high cell complexity 2) high granules 3) larger cells

Answer 28

3) larger cells

Question 29

Under which condition would you see the "disco ball effect"? 1) high cell complexity 2) high granules 3) larger cells

Answer 29

2) granules

Question 30

Define basopenia. Is it of clinical signifiance?

Answer 30

Too low basophils - often clinically insignificant

Question 31

What is the standard blood smear and how do white cell nuclei appear?

Answer 31

Wright-Glemsa, appear blue-purple

Question 32

Rouleaux formation, the coin-like stacking of RBC is due to increased ______________

Answer 32

serum proteins

Question 33

Agglutination, the clumping of RBCs, is induced by _____________

Answer 33

antibodies

Question 34

Define hypochromia

Answer 34

decreased hgb in RBCs, central pallor is >1/3 of diameter

Question 35

Define anisocytosis

Answer 35

variation in cell size

Question 36

Define Poikilocytosis

Answer 36

variation in shape of cells

Question 37

Define anisopoikilocytosis

Answer 37

general sense of red cell variance

Question 38

The ________ or __________ is seen in thalessemia, hemaglobinopathies and artifact

Answer 38

codocyte, target cell RBC

Question 39

The __________ is seen in sickle cell anemia

Answer 39

drepanocyte

Question 40

The _________ is seen in myelofibrosis and is shaped like a tear drop

Answer 40

dacrocyte

Question 41

Describe the steps of red cell maturation that allow it to exit the bone marrow and enter circulation as reticulocytes

Answer 41

Begin in marrow as large nucleated cells, then nuclear shrinks and hemoglobin is added. RBC's eject the nucleus then enter circulation

Question 42

What is polychromasia and when is it seen?

Answer 42

It is an increase in nucleated RBCs - seen in times of increased RBC production or marrow due to stress

Question 43

What are Howell-Jolly bodies and what do they indicate?

Answer 43

Residual DNA from when RBC rejects nucleus that are normally removed by spleen Indicates hyposplenic state

Question 44

What are pappenheimer bodies and what do they indicate (2)?

Answer 44

Iron granules | Indicate problem in iron metabolism OR hgb synthesis

Question 45

What is basophilic stippling? Where is this a common finding?

Answer 45

Presence of ribosomes that cannot be degraded | Common finding in lead poisoning

Question 46

Name two RBC parasites

Answer 46

malaria | babesia microti

Question 47

What is left-shift? What is another name for it?

Answer 47

Presence of immature granulocytes in circulation | AKA bandemia bc most common immature cell in circulation

Question 48

What causes bandemia?

Answer 48

Infection, certain drugs, neoplasms or marrow stress states

Question 49

What are blasts? Cancer of blasts is referred to as?

Answer 49

earliest marrow precursors, leukemia

Question 50

What changes occur in reactive lymphocytes, seen in proinflammatory states?

Answer 50

Get more cytoplasm, can develop nucleoli, and make pseudopodia that hug neighboring RBCs

Question 51

What are immature granulocytes often considered markers of?

Answer 51

early sepsis

Question 52

Where are hypersegmented neutrophils seen?

Answer 52

folic acid or vitamin b12 deficiency

Question 53

Clumping platelets =

Answer 53

spurious thrombocytopenia

Question 54

What is borreliosis caused by?

Answer 54

circulating tick borne spirochetes