Blood Collection and IV Injection Flashcards
(29 cards)
Describe intracardiac blood collection.
Needle is inserted at a 10-30 degree angle toward the head.
Describe retro-orbital blood collection.
Jugular vein occluded immediately caudal to mandible. Lateral canthus reduced incidence of epistaxis and eye trauma. In rats, recommend directing tube caudal and medial through dorsal conjunctiva to hit largest vein of plexus.
What species has a venous plexus?
Rat
Mouse, hamster, and gerbil have a sinus
How does RO injection differ from blood collection?
Use of a needle placed bevel down.
Similarly, go in through medial canthus.
What should not be injected RO?
Tumor cells, in adults or neonates
Describe jugular vein phlebotomy.
Neck held in hyperextension. Site for venipuncture is just cephalad to the point where the external jugular vein passes between the pectoral muscle and clavicle.
What sites are suitable for IV injection?
Rat: Dorsal metatarsal vein
Hamsters: Cephalic
Rodents: Sublingual, penile vein
How much blood can be collected from a mouse via terminal cauda vena sampling? Via severing of brachial vessels?
Up to 2.5 mL
1-1.5 mL
How can blood be collected from guinea pigs? Where can IV injections be performed?
Collection: Close cutting of toenails, puncturing vessels of the ear, medial or lateral saphenous (Anesthesia), metatarsal veins, dorsolateral vein of penis, cardiac puncture, anterior vena cava, left jugular
IV: Auricular vein, lateral metatarsal, lateral saphenous, dorsolateral vein of penis
Describe collection of blood from the anterior vena cava in GP.
Needle inserted in sternal notch under first rib and directed toward the right hind leg.
How is blood collected from hamsters?
Orbital sinus, cranial vena cava, saphenous, and cephalic
How does RO bleeding differ in the hamster compared to the mouse?
In hamster, pipet is placed in the lateral canthus in an orthogonally medial, not rostromedial direction.
What unique route of blood collection can be performed in chinchillas?
Transverse sinus that is medial to the auditory bulla.
What agents will cause vasodilation of the rabbit ear?
Heat with a low wattage bulb, depilatories, topical 40% d-limonene, general administration of acepromazine and butorphanol, multiple local injections of lidocaine along marginal vein or medial artery, or topical use of EMLA Cream.
Where can blood be collected in ferrets and mink?
Toenail, caudal artery of the tail, cardiac puncture.
What is the largest animals in which cardiac puncture through the diaphragm can be achieved?
Rabbit and ferrets/mink
Describe the cranial vena cava approach in ferrets/mink.
In dorsal recumbency, needle inserted between first and second ribs on the right side. Needle advanced at 30 degree angle horizontal and toward contralateral hip until blood appears.
What are common blood collection sites in the dog and cat?
Cephalic, recurrent metatarsal (saphenous), jugular, and femoral.
What are the common blood collection sites in NHPs?
Cephalic, saphenous, coccygeal, and femoral.
What must occur if the femoral artery is accidentally hit when collecting blood from a NHP? In what species is this especially important?
Direct pressure for 5 minutes. Critical in NWM, especially Aotus trivirgatus.
What animal can be repeatedly bled via cardiac puncture under anesthesia?
Lab opossum (gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica)
What are common sites for blood collection and intravenous injection in avian species?
Brachial veins of wing, cutaneous ulnar, medial metatarsal (caudal tibial), jugular, and heart.
