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PENN FOSTER: A & P 1 > BLOOD, LYMPH, LYMPH NODES > Flashcards

BLOOD, LYMPH, LYMPH NODES Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Agranulocyte

A

a type of white blood cell that does not have granules in its cytoplasm including lymphocytes and monocytes

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3
Q

Anemia

A

a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin resulting in reduced oxygen transport

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4
Q

Antibody

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a protein produced by B cells that binds specifically to an antigen

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5
Q

Anticoagulant

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a substance that prevents blood from clotting

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6
Q

Antigen

A

a substance that triggers an immune response

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7
Q

B cell (B lymphocyte)

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a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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8
Q

Basopenia

A

a decrease in the number of basophils in the blood

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9
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Basophil

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a type of granulocyte that contains granules staining blue with basic dyes and releases histamine and heparin

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10
Q

Basophilia

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an increase in the number of basophils in the blood

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11
Q

Chemotaxis

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the movement of cells in response to a chemical stimulus

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12
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

hemoglobin without oxygen bound to it

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13
Q

Diapedesis

A

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries typically accompanying inflammation

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14
Q

Eosinopenia

A

a decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood

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15
Q

Eosinophil

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a type of granulocyte that contains granules staining red with eosin and is involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites

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16
Q

Eosinophilia

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an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood

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17
Q

Erythrocyte

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a red blood cell which transports oxygen

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18
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Erythropoiesis

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the process of red blood cell formation

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19
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates erythropoiesis

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20
Q

Extravascular hemolysis

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the destruction of red blood cells outside of the blood vessels typically in the spleen and liver

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21
Q

Fibrin

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an insoluble protein that forms the meshwork of a blood clot

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22
Q

Fibrinogen

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a soluble protein in plasma that is converted to fibrin during blood clotting

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23
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

the process of breaking down fibrin clots

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24
Q

Granulocyte

A

a type of white blood cell characterized by the presence of granules in its cytoplasm including neutrophils eosinophils and basophils

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25
Granulopoiesis
the process of granulocyte formation
26
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
lymphoid tissue located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract
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Haptoglobin
a protein in plasma that binds to free hemoglobin
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Hematocrit (Hct)
the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
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Hematopoiesis
the process of formation and development of blood cells
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Hemoglobin (Hgb)
the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
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Hemoglobinemia
the presence of free hemoglobin in the blood plasma
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Hemoglobinuria
the presence of hemoglobin in the urine
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Hemostasis
the process of stopping bleeding
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Hypoxia
a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues
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Intravascular hemolysis
the destruction of red blood cells within the blood vessels
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Leukocyte
a white blood cell involved in the immune response
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Leukocytosis
an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
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Leukopenia
a decrease in the number of white blood 1 cells in the blood
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Leukopoiesis
the process of white blood cell formation
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Lymph
the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system
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Lymphocyte
a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response including B cells T cells and NK cells
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Lymphocytosis
an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood
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Lymphopenia
a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood
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Lymphopoiesis
the process of lymphocyte formation
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Macrophage
a large phagocytic cell that plays a role in the immune response
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Mast cell
a type of cell in connective tissue that releases histamine and other substances during allergic reactions
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Megakaryocyte
a large cell in the bone marrow that produces platelets
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Monocyte
a type of agranulocyte that can differentiate into a macrophage or dendritic cell
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Monocytopenia
a decrease in the number of monocytes in the blood
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Monocytosis
an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood
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Monopoiesis
the process of monocyte formation
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Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)
a system of phagocytic cells including monocytes macrophages and dendritic cells
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Multipotential stem cell
a cell that can differentiate into multiple types of cells but is more restricted than a pluripotent stem cell
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Natural killer cell (NK cell)
a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that kills target cells without prior sensitization
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Neutropenia
a decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood
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Neutrophil
the most abundant type of granulocyte involved in phagocytosis and the inflammatory response
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Neutrophilia
an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood
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Opsonin
a molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen
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Opsonization
the process by which an opsonin marks an antigen for phagocytosis
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Oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin with oxygen bound to it
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Packed cell volume (PCV)
the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells also known as hematocrit
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Peripheral blood
blood circulating in the blood vessels excluding that in the bone marrow
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Petechiae
small pinprick hemorrhages under the skin
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Phagocytosis
the process by which cells engulf and ingest particles or other cells
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Phagosome
a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte
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Plasma
the liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended
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Plasma cell
a fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody
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Platelet
a small cell fragment involved in blood clotting also known as thrombocyte
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Pluripotential stem cell (PPSC)
a type of stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type of the three germ layers
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Polycythemia
an increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
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Polymorphonuclear
having a nucleus with multiple lobes characteristic of granulocytes
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Postprandial lipemia
the presence of lipids in the blood after a meal
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Red bone marrow
the type of bone marrow that produces blood cells
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Red pulp
a component of the spleen that filters the blood and removes old or damaged red blood cells
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Senescence
the process of aging or deterioration
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Serum
the liquid component of blood after clotting has occurred plasma without fibrinogen
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Thrombocyte
a platelet a small cell fragment involved in blood clotting
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Thrombocytopenia
a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood
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Thrombocytosis
an increase in the number of platelets in the blood
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Thrombopoiesis
the process of platelet formation
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Thymus
a lymphoid organ located in the chest where T lymphocytes mature
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T cell (T lymphocyte)
a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity
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Vacuole
a membrane-bound sac within a cell
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White pulp
a component of the spleen that contains lymphoid tissue and is involved in the immune response
85
Whole blood
blood that has not been separated into its components
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Yellow bone marrow
the type of bone marrow that stores fat

PENN FOSTER: A & P 1 (12 decks)

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