Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PENN FOSTER: A & P 1 > INTEGUMENTARY > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY Flashcards

(114 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anagen phase

A

The active growth phase of a hair follicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anal sac

A

A pair of small sacs located near the anus in many mammals that contain secretions used for scent marking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angle

A

Often refers to the angle of the hoof wall relative to the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

A type of sweat gland found in skin and associated with hair follicles particularly in the axillae and groin which produces a viscous secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

A small muscle attached to hair follicles in mammals that contracts in response to cold or fear causing hair to stand on end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Catagen phase

A

The transitional phase of a hair follicle between the active growth (anagen) and resting (telogen) phases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Central sulcus

A

A groove or depression in the frog of the hoof.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chestnut

A

A horny growth on the medial side of the leg of horses and related animals corresponding to a carpal pad or tarsal pad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Claw

A

A sharp curved keratinized projection at the end of a digit in many mammals birds and reptiles used for grasping climbing or defense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coffin bone

A

The common name for the distal phalanx bone in the foot of a horse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collateral sulcus

A

Grooves on either side of the frog in the hoof.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compound follicle

A

A hair follicle that contains more than one hair shaft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corium

A

The connective tissue layer underlying the epidermis in skin and associated structures providing support and nourishment also called the dermis in skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Coronary band

A

The area where the skin meets the hoof wall in horses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coronary corium

A

The connective tissue layer beneath the coronary band of the hoof that produces the hoof wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cortex

A

The middle layer of a hair shaft composed of keratinized cells containing pigment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cuticle

A

The outermost layer of a hair shaft or nail composed of overlapping keratin scales or a thin layer of epidermis at the base of a nail or hoof.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Defecation

A

The elimination of feces from the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Finger-like projections of the dermis into the epidermis containing capillaries and nerves that nourish the epidermis and hair follicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dermis

A

The layer of skin below the epidermis composed of connective tissue nerves and blood vessels also called corium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stratum corneum horny layer

A

This is the outermost layer and dominates the epidermis
These are remnants of keratinocytes sometimes called horny or cornified cells but commonly called dandruff.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratum granulosum, the granular layer

A

This is the middle layer, composed of two to four layers of flattened keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratum lucidum, the clear layer

A

This layer is found only in very thick skin It appears as a translucent layer composed of a few rows of flattened dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stratum spinosum prickle-cell layer

A

This layer contains several layers of cells held together by desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dewclaw
A vestigial digit on the foot of some mammals that does not reach the ground during normal locomotion.
26
Digital cushion
A fibroelastic fatty cushion located beneath the sole and frog of the foot in horses providing shock absorption.
27
Distal phalanx bone
The bone at the tip of a digit.
28
Eccrine gland
A type of sweat gland found in skin over most of the body that produces a watery secretion involved in cooling.
29
Epidermal orifice
The opening of a gland or hair follicle on the surface of the epidermis.
30
Epidermis
The outermost avascular layer of the skin composed of epithelial tissue.
31
Ergot
A small horny growth on the palmar or plantar aspect of the fetlock of horses.
32
Frog
The triangular-shaped elastic structure on the bottom of a horse's foot providing shock absorption.
33
Frog corium
The connective tissue layer beneath the frog of the hoof providing nourishment.
34
Hair bulb
The enlarged base of a hair follicle from which the hair grows.
35
Hair follicle
A small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair.
36
Heel
The posterior part of the foot or hoof.
37
Hoof
The tough keratinized covering of the foot of ungulate mammals.
38
Hoof wall
The hard outer layer of the hoof that bears most of the weight.
39
Horn
A hard pointed projection on the head of ungulate mammals or the tough keratinized material forming horns hoofs nails and claws.
40
Horn tube
A microscopic tube in the hoof wall composed of keratinized cells.
41
Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
The layer of connective tissue beneath the dermis that attaches the skin to underlying structures composed of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue.
42
Hypophysis
The pituitary gland located at the base of the brain that produces hormones.
43
Implantation angle
The angle at which a hair follicle enters the skin.
44
Infraoribital pouch
A skin pouch located below the eye in some animals like sheep that contains sebaceous glands.
45
Inguinal pouch
A skin pouch located in the groin region in some animals like sheep that contains sebaceous glands.
46
Integument
The outer covering of the body skin and its appendages.
47
Integumentary system
The organ system consisting of the skin hair nails glands and sensory receptors that protects the body regulates temperature and provides sensory information.
48
Interdigital pouch
A skin pouch located between the digits in some animals like sheep that contains sebaceous glands.
49
Keratin
A tough fibrous protein found in hair nails and the epidermis providing structural strength.
50
Keratinization
The process by which cells become hardened with keratin.
51
Keratinocyte
The main cell type in the epidermis that produces keratin.
52
Laminae
Leaf-like structures or layers particularly the interdigitating layers of tissue between the hoof wall and the coffin bone.
53
Laminar corium
The connective tissue layer beneath the laminae of the hoof wall providing nourishment and attachment to the coffin bone.
54
Laminitis
Inflammation of the laminae of the hoof causing pain and lameness.
55
Langerhans cell
A type of dendritic cell found in the epidermis that is involved in the immune response.
56
Lanolin
A waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep wool fat.
57
Lateral cartilage
Flat plates of cartilage extending upward from the coffin bone within the hoof.
58
List the five layers of the epidermis from the innermost layer outward.
The stratum germinativum: the stratum basale The stratum spinosum, the prickle-cell layer The stratum granulosum granular layer The stratum lucidum clear layer The stratum corneum horny layer
59
Matrix
The material or tissue in which specialized cells are embedded; in hair follicles the matrix is a region of actively dividing cells at the base of the bulb that produces the hair shaft.
60
Medulla
The innermost layer of a hair shaft present in some hairs composed of loosely arranged cells.
61
Meissner’s corpuscle
A type of touch receptor found in the papillary layer of the dermis particularly in sensitive areas like fingertips.
62
Melanin
A pigment produced by melanocytes that gives color to skin hair and eyes.
63
Melanocyte
A cell in the epidermis that produces melanin.
64
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin.
65
Melanosome
An organelle within melanocytes that synthesizes and stores melanin.
66
Merkel cell
A touch receptor cell found in the epidermis associated with nerve endings forming Merkel discs.
67
Merkel disc
A touch receptor consisting of a Merkel cell in the epidermis associated with a nerve ending sensitive to light touch.
68
Metacarpal bone
A bone in the forelimb located between the carpus wrist and the phalanges digits.
69
Navicular bone
The common name for the distal sesamoid bone in the foot of a horse located behind the coffin bone.
70
Notoedres
A genus of mites that cause sarcoptic mange in cats and other animals.
71
Pacinian corpuscle
A type of touch receptor found in the deep dermis and hypodermis sensitive to pressure and vibration.
72
Papilla
A small nipple-like projection; dermal papillae are projections of the dermis into the epidermis.
73
Papillary layer
The superficial layer of the dermis composed of loose connective tissue and containing dermal papillae.
74
Perioplic corium
The connective tissue layer beneath the perioplic band of the hoof that produces the perioplic layer of the hoof wall.
75
Phalangeal bone
A bone of the digits fingers toes or in animals part of the foot or paw.
76
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin that is reddish-yellow in color.
77
Pigmentation
The coloration of tissues or organs by pigments like melanin.
78
Planum nasale
The hairless skin surface surrounding the nostrils in dogs and cats the nose pad.
79
Planum nasolabiale
The hairless skin surface surrounding the nostrils and upper lip in cattle and horses the muzzle.
80
Point
Often refers to the point of the frog in the hoof.
81
Polled breed
An animal breed that naturally lacks horns.
82
Primary hair
Guard hair the larger coarser hairs that form the outer coat of mammals.
83
Pruritus
Itching.
84
Quarter
The sides of the hoof wall between the toe and the heel.
85
Reticular layer
The deeper layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue providing strength and elasticity.
86
Root
The part of a hair or tooth that is embedded in the tissue.
87
Root hair plexus
A network of nerve endings surrounding the hair follicle root sensitive to hair movement.
88
Sebum
An oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair.
89
Secondary hair
Undercoat hair the finer softer hairs beneath the primary hairs that provide insulation.
90
Shaft
The visible part of a hair extending above the skin surface.
91
Sinus hair
A tactile hair or vibrissa typically associated with a blood-filled sinus in the hair follicle root sensitive to touch.
92
Sole
The bottom surface of the foot or hoof beneath the digital cushion.
93
Sole corium
The connective tissue layer beneath the sole of the hoof providing nourishment.
94
Squamous cell carcinoma
A common type of skin cancer that arises from squamous cells in the epidermis.
95
Stratum basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis composed of actively dividing cells that produce new keratinocytes also called stratum germinativum.
96
Stratum corneum
The outermost layer of the epidermis composed of flattened dead keratinized cells providing a protective barrier.
97
Stratum granulosum
A layer of the epidermis above the stratum spinosum containing cells with granules involved in keratinization.
98
Stratum lucidum
A clear layer of the epidermis found only in thick skin e.g. palms and soles.
99
Stratum spinosum
A layer of the epidermis above the stratum basale composed of cells connected by desmosomes giving them a spiny appearance.
100
Sweat gland
A gland in the skin that produces sweat for cooling and excretion.
101
Tactile elevation
A small raised area of skin containing tactile hairs and Merkel cells sensitive to touch.
102
Tactile hair
A stiff sensory hair associated with touch receptors e.g. whiskers also called vibrissa or sinus hair.
103
Tail gland
A specialized sebaceous gland located on the dorsal surface of the tail in some animals.
104
Telogen effluvium
Increased shedding of hair due to hair follicles entering the telogen resting phase prematurely.
105
Telogen phase
The resting phase of a hair follicle before a new hair begins to grow.
106
Toe
The front part of the foot or hoof.
107
Tylotrich hair
A type of tactile hair associated with a touch receptor called a tylotrich pad sensitive to light touch.
108
Tyrosine melanin
Melanin derived from the amino acid tyrosine includes eumelanin and pheomelanin.
109
Ungula
The hoof claw or nail of an ungulate.
110
Ungulate
A mammal with hooves.
111
Velvet skin
The soft furry skin covering the antlers of growing deer rich in blood vessels and nerves.
112
Vitamin D
A vitamin produced in the skin upon exposure to UV light essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
113
White line
The junction between the sole and the hoof wall in the hoof visible on the solar surface.
114
Wool-type hair
Fine soft hairs that form the undercoat of some mammals providing insulation.

PENN FOSTER: A & P 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions