Blood supply of brain and SC Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

The brain is supplied by two sets of arteries: (1) _____and (2) ______ arteries

internal carotid

vertebrobasilar

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when occlusion of one of these arteries in circle of Willis’ occur ,the distal smaller arteries that it supplies can receive blood from the other arteries because it is a_____ circulation
-this protects against____ in the event of vessel disease to one of the regions

collateral

ischemia

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anterior perforated substance is a bilateral irregularly____ area in front of the____ and behind the_____, from which it is separated by the_____; medially and in front, it is continuous with the ____ gyrus

quadrilateral

optic tract

olfactory trigone

fissure prima

subcallosal

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Internal Carotid Arteries

contributes __% of the total brain supply
emerges from bifurcation of common carotid at level of____ vertebrae
The artery then ascends up in the ____ and enters the cranial cavity through the____ and upper part of______

-T he course of the internal carotid artery is divisible into four parts: (1) cervical, (2) petrous, (3) cavernous and (4) cerebral.

80
C4

carotid sheath

carotid canal

foramen lacerum.

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Cervical part of ICA
-This part of the artery is from its origin till it enters the____.

Petrous part of ICA
-This part of the artery traverses the_____ in the______ bone

carotid canal.

carotid canal

petrous temporal

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1/3 of Cervical part of ICA lies within the carotid sheath along with the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve
T/F

The whole length of cervical part

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Cavernous part of ICA

From the carotid canal, the artery enters the _____through the____ part of the____
Here, the artery has a___ course and is separated from the blood in that region by the____.
The____ nerve is related to the internal carotid artery closely in this course.

cavernous sinus

upper; foramen lacerum.

sinuous

endothelium

abducens

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Cerebral part of ICA
-At the ___ end of the cavernous sinus, the artery pierces the____ mater of the___ of the cavernous sinus and enters the_____ space.

dura

roof; subarachnoid

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_______ part of the internal carotid artery is also called as the “carotid siphon”

Cavernous part

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Branches of the Cerebral Part
What’s your acronym!
Then list it

POMAA

Ophthalmic artery:

Anterior choroidal artery

Posterior communicating artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

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Branches of the Cerebral Part

(1) Ophthalmic artery:
- It supplies the____ and its contents

(2) Anterior choroidal artery:
- It runs ___wards close to the optic tract
- supplies the____ pathway,____ and ____
- forms the____ of the____ horn of lateral ventricle.

orbit

back

visual

internal capsule and midbrain

choroid plexus

inferior

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Posterior communicating artery:

This runs ___wards
anastomoses with the_____ artery, a branch of the____ artery

Anterior cerebral artery:

This supplies the____ surface of cerebrum
____ strip of the____ surface except____ lobe

back

posterior cerebral; basilar

medial

upper; superolateral; occipital

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Middle cerebral artery:

This supplies the____ surface of____ except___ lobe
_____strips each of the superolateral surface.

superolateral

cerebrum

occipital

upper and lower

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Vertebrobasilar Arteries

contributes __% of the total blood supply to the brain
Each vertebral artery is a branch of the___ part of the_____ artery in the neck.
The course of the vertebral artery is divisible into four parts: (1) cervical, (2) vertebral, (3) suboccipital, and (4) cerebral.

first

subclavian

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Cervical part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries

This is the part of the artery from its origin till it enters the_____ of _____
Here, the artery lies in the ______ triangle.

Vertebral part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries
-This is the part of the artery traversing the _____ of _____

foramen transversarium of C6 vertebra.

scalenovertebral

foramina transversaria of upper six cervical vertebrae.

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Suboccipital part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries
-This is the horizontal part of the artery lying in the______ triangle.

cerebral part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries

The artery enters the cranial cavity by passing through the_____
It then pierces the ____ mater to enter the ____ space
This is the intracranial part of the artery lying in the____ space lateral to the____

suboccipital

foramen magnum.

dura; subarachnoid

subarachnoid; medulla oblongata.

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Branches of the Cerebral Part of vertebrobailar artery
What is your acronym 😭😭
Then list it!

2P;2M;1A

Posterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior Cerebellar artery 
Medullary branches
Meningeal branches 
Anterior spinal artery

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Anterior spinal artery:
It supplies the____ part of the____ and then _____and descends to supply the spinal cord.

-Posterior spinal artery:
It descends to supply the_____.

medial; medulla oblongata

fuses with the opposite anterior spinal artery

spinal cord

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Posterior inferior cerebellar artery:
It supplies the____ part of the _____, ______ part of the cerebellum and the____ of the____ ventricle.

Medullary branches:
These branches supply directly____ part of the_____

Meningeal branches:
They supply the meninges of the___ cranial fossa.

dorsolateral; medulla oblongata

posteroinferior

choroid plexus; fourth

anterolateral; medulla oblongata.

posterior

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The two vertebral arteries ascend up and unite at the_____ to form the_____ artery.

pontomedullary junction

basilar

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The basilar artery runs in the____ sulcus of the____ and at the _____divides into two_____ arteries(each with___and____ segments)

basilar

pons

pontomesencephalic junction

posterior cerebral

p1 and p2

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Branches of Basilar Artery
Acronym is PL_-_
Now list them🌚

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery:
-Labyrinthine artery:

-Pontine branches:

Superior cerebellar artery:

-Posterior cerebral arteries:
.

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Anterior inferior cerebellar artery:
It supplies the_____ part of the cerebellum.

Labyrinthine artery:
It supplies the___

Pontine branches:
These paramedian branches dip into the pons and supply the___ part of the pons.

anteroinferior

inner ear

basilar

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Superior cerebellar artery:
-It supplies the____ surface of the cerebellum and_____

-Posterior cerebral arteries:
They supply the____ lobes of the cerebrum,____ surface of tentorial part of cerebrum and a____ strip of superolateral surface of cerebrum.

superior

midbrain

occipital; inferior

lower

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posterior choroidal branches are from the ______ artery

Posterior cerebral

posterior choroidal branches form the choroid plexus of the____ ventricle and the____ part of the lateral ventricle.

third central

Circle of Willis - aka_____ - is an arterial anastomotic circle present in the ______ - It is ____ in shape - extends between the_____ and____ - It is closely related to the____ chiasma,____,____ bodies and____ perforated substance. - The arterial circle is an anastomosis between the ______ and _____system of arteries

Circulus Arteriosus interpeduncular cistern. polygonal superior border of pons and median longitudinal fissure optic; tuber cinereum; mamillary posterior internal carotid and the vertebrobasilar

Formation of circulus arteriosus -The____ artery, which connects the _____arteries and forms anterior part of the circle of Willis. - The_____ artery forms the anterolateral part on each side. - The lateral part is formed by the _____artery on each side. - Posterolaterally, the _____artery is the connecting link between the____ and _____ arteries - T he circle is completed posteriorly by the ____

anterior communicating; right and left anterior cerebral anterior cerebral termination of internal carotid posterior communicating ; internal carotid and posterior cerebral bifurcation of basilar artery into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries.

Functional Importance of circle of Willis | -This arterial circle equalizes the____ to the two sides of the brain

pressure of the blood flow

the main collateral channel of blood in the brain is the ____

Circuluus arteriosus

Anterior Cerebral Artery - This artery arises from the____ artery____ the____ perforated substance and____ to the optic chiasma. - It crosses the optic chiasma to reach the_____

internal carotid below; anterior lateral median longitudinal fissure.

Anterior cerebral artery At the anterior end of the longitudinal fissure, the____ artery connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries. -Inside the longitudinal fissure, the anterior cerebral artery winds around the___of____ and then runs ___riorly on the___ aspect of the____of_____

anterior communicating genu of the corpus callosum poste; superior body of corpus callosum.

Branches of anterior cerebral artery * orbital:_____ and _____ of ____ lobe * frontopolar:____ * Callosomarginal:____gyrus;____ lobule;___ * Pericallosal:_____ and _____

olfactory system;medial orbital surface of frontal lobe frontal pole medial frontal ; paracentral; precuneus corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus

Middle Cerebral Artery - It is one of the terminal branches of the____ artery. - It turns____ on the____ perforated substance to enter the stem of the____ sulcus, where it divides into four to five cortical branches.

internal carotid laterally; anterior; lateral

Posterior Cerebral Artery -The right and left posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of_____ artery. Each passes laterally around the____ of _______, where it receives the_______ artery. It continues along the lateral aspect of the midbrain and enters the____ compartment through the tentorial notch. Then, it courses on the tentorial surface of the brain giving out its branches.

basilar crus cerebri of the midbrain posterior communicating supratentorial

VASA CORONA ARTERY | -small anastomoses between the____ and ____ on both sides

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

ARTERY OF ADAMKIEWICZ - aka______ or the _______artery - they branch directly from_____ artery and they join the ____artery from about ____vertebral level ___wards

arteria radicularis magna great anterior segmental medullary left posterior intercoastal anterior spinal T10-T12 ; down

Trauma to the internal carotid artery in cavernous sinus leads to the formation of______ causing pulsating_____.

arteriovenous fistula exophthalmos

The internal carotid artery shows multiple bends, which produce S-shaped shadow called the carotid siphon on an angiogram. The carotid siphon helps in_______ in the cranial cavity.

damping down its pulsations

Berry aneurysm(aka_____ aneurysm ): - is a localized dilatation on one of the arteries of the circle of Willis due to____. The most common sites of berry aneurysm are the_______ arteries and at the_____. - Rupture of berry aneurysm may cause life-threatening_______. - mostly occurs in those with_____ or _____ diseases

saccular congenital muscular weakness junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating bifurcation of internal carotid arteries subarachnoid haemorrhage chronic hypertension or connective tissue

Recurrent artery of Heubner: Recurrent branch of the____ cerebral artery . - is one of the anteromedial group of arteries. - It supplies the____,____ limb and___ of the internal capsule. Thrombosis in the artery of Heubner results in contralateral paralysis of the_____and____(_______)

anterior caudate nucleus anterior;genu face and upper extremity faciobrachial monoplegia

Charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage: One of the lateral striate arteries is usually larger than the others. Rupture of this artery, in______ individuals, results in loss of blood supply to____ leading to contralateral spastic hemiplegia, paralysis of lower half of face and altered sensorium (due to involvement of ____and____limb of internal capsule).

elderly hypertensive internal capsule genu and posterior

Effects of occlusion of anterior cerebral artery: _Paralysis (or weakness) of muscles of the_____ of the____ side (by involvement of the upper part of the motor area). _Loss or diminution of sensations from the ____of the opposite side (by involvement of the upper part of the____ area). _Sense of stereognosis is impaired (by involvement of____ lobe). _Personality changes by involvement of___ lobe usually do not occur unless there is involvement of____

leg and foot; opposite leg and foot ; sensory parietal frontal both prefrontal cortices

What is stereognosis

the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

Effects of occlusion of middle cerebral artery: ____ and ____on the opposite half of the body. The____and ___ are most affected. Foot and leg may show mild weakness. _Aphasia (by involvement of ____ and ____areas), especially if the thrombosis is in the___ hemisphere in a___-handed person. _Homonymous quadrantanopia on the opposite side (by involvement of Meyer’s loop passing superficially in the temporal lobe) _

Hemiplegia and loss of sensations face and arms Broca’s and Wernicke’s left; right

Hearing is l totally affected in occlusion of middle cerebral artery T/F

F Hearing is never totally affected in occlusion of middle cerebral artery due to compensation by the opposite hemisphere.

Effects of occlusion of posterior cerebral artery: - The loss of cortical supply results in________ with macular sparing. - Damage to association cortex of visual area causes_____ (distortion of____).

contralateral homonymous hemianopia visual hallucinations colour vision

occlusion of basilar artery - aka_______ - leads to bilateral loss of____ tracts=_____ - the person can still do _____and are___ and ___

locked-in syndrome corticospinal quadriplegia vertical eye movements alert and conscious

Occlusion of anterior inferior Cerebellar artery: - ____syndrome - ___lateral damages are * damage to CN_ * damage to___ nerve and___ artery leading to vertigo,tinnitus,nystagmus,deafness * damage to____ cerebellar peduncle leading to ataxia, poor muscle coordination,poor muscle tone and balance - ___lateral loss of pain and temp sensations due to damage to_____ tract

lateral pontine Ipsi; 7 vestibular; labyrinthine middle contra; spinothalamic

occlusion of anterior spinal artery - _____syndrome - __lateral CN__ palsy - damage to corticospinal tract causing contralateral_____ - damage to______ causing loss of contralateral touch,presssure,vibration, and proprioception sensations

medial medullary Ipsi; 12 hemiplageia medial lemniscus

occlusion of posterior inferior Cerebellar artery - ataxia, poor muscle coordination,poor muscle tone and balance - CN_ palsy leading to_____,____,and_____ - can cause ____ syndrome (sympa nerve is affected) * ___ of upper eyelid * pupil____ * _____(no sweating) - contralateral loss of___and ___ sensations due to damage to spinothalamic tract - affect____ nucleus of trigemibal nerve leading to___lateral loss of _____ of the ____

10 dysphagia and negative gag reflex and deviated uvula Horner’s ptosis constriction Anhidrosis pain and temp spinal; Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature of the face

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF BRAIN -veins draining the brain are Valve or valveless thin or thick walled Have or lack muscle in their wall

Valveless Thin Lack

.veins of the brain | -they drain into nearby venous sinuses that almost all drain into____

IJV

Veins of the Cerebral Hemisphere - The veins of the cerebral hemisphere consist of two sets: (1) superficial and (2) deep. - The superficial veins on the ___ surface of the cerebral hemisphere are classified into____,_____,and____

superolateral superior, superficial middle and inferior.

-The superficial veins on the base of the cerebral hemisphere are the____ veins.

basal

Basal veins are formed by the union of _____vein and ______vein

deep middle cerebral anterior cerebral

Basal veins drain into_____ vein

great cerebral

The deep veins comprise of the____ veins, the____ vein and____ vein on each side. All these veins drain into the corresponding_____ vein.

septal choroidal thalamostriate internal cerebral

Two internal cerebral veins join to form the ____ vein of ____, which drains into ____ sinus

great cerebral Galen straight

Direct branches of the ICA that contributes to circle of Willis

Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Posterior communicating branch

Middle cerebral artery supplies the corpus callosum | T/F

Middle cerebral artery runs in the lateral sulcus | T/F

Middle cerebral artery is the largest contributor to circle of Willis T/F

Circle of Willis is circular in shape T/F

Blood supply of brain and SC Flashcards

(64 cards)