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anatomy lectures > blood supply to the brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

blood supply to the brain and spinal cord Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

brain receives blood from which two arteries

A
  • internal carotid
  • vertebral arteries
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2
Q

which arteries form the circle of willis

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • vertebral arteries
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3
Q

arterial supply to the head and neck

A
  • subclavian
  • common carotid
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4
Q

subclavian artery, vertebral arteries, vertebrobasilar system supplies ?

A
  • occipital lobe
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • thalamus
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5
Q

aortic arch arteries (left to right)

A
  • brachiocephalic artery
  • left common carotid artrery
  • left subclavian artery
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6
Q

brachiocephalic branches

A
  • right common carotid artery
  • right subclavian artery
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7
Q

subclavian artery branches

A
  • vertebral artery
  • costocervical trunk (branches: supreme intercostal and deep cervical)
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8
Q

posterior intercostal arteries origin

A
  • (1 + 2) from the superior (supreme) intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk
  • (3 to 11) posterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the posterior surface of the thoracic aorta
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9
Q

thoracic artery origin

A

descending aorta

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10
Q

lumbar artery origin

A

abdominal aorta

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11
Q

what sits in the anterior median fissure

A

anterior spinal artery

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12
Q

anterior spinal artery function

A

supply anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

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13
Q

posterior spinal artery function

A

supply posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord

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14
Q

posterior spinal artery origin

A

vertebral arteries

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15
Q

anterior spinal artery origin

A

vertebral arteries

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16
Q

posterior intercostal artery branches

A

spinal branch of posterior intercostal artery

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17
Q

spinal branch of posterior intercostal artery

A
  • anterior radicular artery
  • posterior radicular artery
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18
Q

posterior radicular artery feeds into ? artery

A

posterior spinal artery

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19
Q

anterior radicular artery feeds into ? artery

A

anterior spinal artery

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20
Q

arterial vasocorona function

A

connects anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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21
Q

(T10-T12 and below), what is the major blood supply to anterior spinal artery

A

artery of adam kiewicz/great anterior segmental medullary artery

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22
Q

through which formina do the vertebral arteries run through

A

cervical vertebrae transverse formina to suboccipital triangle to foramen magnum

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23
Q

vertebral artery branches

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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24
Q

PICA stands for ?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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25
posterior inferior cerebellar artery branches
- posterior spinal arteries
26
anterior spinal artery origin
vertebral artery branches fuse together
27
vertebral arteries fuse together anteriorly to form ?
basilar artery
28
basilar artery branches (posterior to anterior)
- anterior inferior cerebellar arteries - labyrinthine/internal acoustic arteries - pontine branches (4 pairs) - superior cerebellar arteries
29
pyramid supply
anterior spinal artery
30
at what level are the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries formed
pons
31
which arteries supply the top of cerebellum
superior cerebellar arteries
32
basilar artery feeds into ?
posterior cerebral artery
33
posterior cerebeal artery segments
- p1 - p2
34
posterior communicating arteries origin
posterior cerebral artery
35
posterior circle of willis blood supply
vertebral arteries
36
80% of circle of willis blood supply (+ 20%)
right and left internal carotid arteries (vertebrobasilar system)
37
internal carotid artery branches (medial to lateral)
- ophthalmic artery - middle cerebral artery
38
middle cerebral artery branches (medial to lateral)
- anterior coroidal artery - lenticulostriate arteries
39
lenticulostriate arteries importance
- internal capsule - lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, putamen)
40
anterior cerebral artery origin
internal carotid at nearly a right angle
41
anterior cerebral artery segements
- a1 - a2
42
anterior communicating artery origin
anterior cerebral artery
43
common carotid branches
- internal carotid - external carotid
44
external carotid artery supplies ?
face, skull, scalp, meninges
45
internal carotid artery supplies ?
forebrain (except occipital lobe)
46
what artery supplies the internal and external carotid arteries
left common carotid artery
47
internal carotid foramen
carotid canal of temporal bone
48
petrous carotid canal
- carotid canal of temporal bone - caroticotympanic artery
49
cavernous carotid canal
- trigeminal ganglion - orbital cavity - hypophyseal
50
cerebral carotid canal
- pierces dura mater and tracks between optic and oculomotor nerves - terminates at lateral fissure by forming anterior and middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, and anterior choroidal
51
anterior choroidal artery exits ?
near posterior communicating branch
52
anterior choroidal artery supplies ?
- cru cerebri of midbrain - lateral geniculate body - choroid plexus - caudate nucleus - globus pallidus - amygdala - hypothalamus - red nucleus - substantia nigra - posterior limb of internal capsule - optic radiation/tract - hippocamus - fimbria of fornix
53
vertebral arteries originate from ?
subclavian arteries
54
vertebral artery path
- ascend through the transverse foramina of upper 6 cervical vertebrae - moves outwards and upwards to the transverse foramen of the atlas - moves backwards along articular process of atlas - passes beneath atlanto-occipital ligament and enters foramen magnum - arteries unite at caudal pons border to form basilar artery - unites with anterior and middle cerebral arteries of internal carotid to form circle of willis
55
anterior cerebral artery surgical segments
- a1 (interncal carotid a. to anterior communication a.) - a2 (anterior communication a. to callosomarginal a.) - a3 (callosomarginal a. to paricallosal a.)
56
anterior cerebral artery branches
- cortical - deep
57
cortical anterior cerebral artery supplies...
- olfactory cortex - corpus callosum - cingulate gyrus - frontal gyrus - paracentral lobule *motor and sensory cortex for lower limbs
58
deep anterior cerebral artery supplies... via ?
- rostrum of corpus callosum - head of caudate nucleus - internal capsule - medial striate artery
59
middle cerebral artery surgical segments
- m1 (interal carotid a. to birfucation) - m2 (lateral/insular/sylvian fissure) - m3 (outside lateral fissure) - m4 (cortical segments)
60
middle cerebral artery branches
- cortical - deep (from m1)
61
cortical middle cerebral artery supplies...
- all frontal gyri - posterior central gyrus - inferior parietal lobe *motor and somatosensory cortices except lower limbs, auditory zone, insula
62
deep middle cerebral artery supplies...
- from m1 - lateral striate or lenticulostriate from external capsule - lentiform and caudate nucleus
63
posterior arterial circulation comprises of ?
branches of posterior cerebral (terminal branch of basilar artery)
64
posterior cerebral artery branches
- cortical - central
65
cortical branch of posterior cerebral artery supplies ?
- temporal cortex - parietal cortex - occipital cortex *visual areas and structures of visual pathway
66
central branch of posterior cerebral artery supplies ?
- thalamus - subthalamus - ventricles/choroid plexus - globus pallidus - pineal gland
67
basilar artery
- pontine branches - superior cerebellar artery -
68
superior cerebellar artery supplies ?
- pons - pineal body - medulla - 3rd ventricle
69
superior cerebellar artery branch is ?
labyrinthine artery
70
labyrinthine artery supplies ?
middle ear
71
anterior inferior cerebellat artery supplies ?
lower cerebellum
72
vertebral artery branches
- meningeal branches - posterior inferior cerebellar artery
73
vertebral arteries supply ?
- midbrain - medulla - pons - cerebellum
74
common sites of occlusion
- PICA - AICA
75
PICA/AICA damage result
functional deficits of cranial nerves, somatic sensory, and motor function
76
anterior cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia
- voluntary movement deficiency - disabled thought process - personality changes
77
posterior cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia
- vision loss - reading issues
78
middle cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia
- face and arm weakness - brocas aphasia - wernickes aphasia
79
vertebrobasilar artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia
- quadriplegia, hemiplegia - ataxia dysphagia - dysarthria - vision issues
80
middle cerebral artery supplies ?
- part of frontal lobe - lateral surface of temporal lobe - parietal lobe (motor and sensory) - areas of face, throat, arm, hand - wernicke's and broca's area
81
posterior cerebral artery supplies ?
- temporal lobe - occipital lobe
82
veins of the head and neck start ? and become ?
- small - larger near the base of the neck on the way to the heart
83
veins of head and neck have greater ? than arteries
variability in location
84
2 divisions of venous drainage from the head
- external jugular veins - internal jugular veins
85
external jugular veins
- lie external to sternocleidomastoid - drain blood from outside the skull and deep face - superficial
86
internal jugular veins
- descends with carotid sheath - drains head, brain, face, neck
87
both external and internal jugular veins drain to ?
subclavian veins
88
subclavian veins form the ?
brachiocephalic vein
89
brachiocephalic vein enter ?
superior vena cava
90
cerebral sinuses lie in between ? and ?
layers of minigeal and endosteal dura
91
cerebral sinuses function
- receive blood from superficial and deep veins of the brain - drain csf from subarachnoid space into internal jugular vein
92
superficial cerebral veins
- sagittal sinuses (superior and inferior) - cortical veins
93
deep cerebral veins
- transverse sinus - straight sinus - sigmoid sinus - basal vein of rosenthal - internal cerebral veins - great vein of galen
94
superficial cerebral veins function
drain superficial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres and cortex of csf
95
deep cerebral veins function
drain deeper parts of hemispheres (basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon, choroid plexus)
96
spinal cord main arteries
- anterior spinal artery - posterior spinal arteries - branches of segmental arteries
97
anterior spinal artery is a branch of ?
vertebral artery
98
anterior spinal artery enters via ?
ventral median fissure
99
anterior spinal artery supplies how much of the spinal cord
2/3
100
posterior spinal arteries supply how much of the spinal cord
1/3
101
posterior spinal arteries travels along ?
dorsolateral surface of the cord
102
branches of segmental arteries travel in with ?
spinal roots
103
branches of segmental arteries
- cervical arteries - intercostals arteries - lumbar arteries - sacral arteries
104
spinal veins drain into ?
internal vertebral venous plexus (vertebral canal/epidural space)

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