cerebral cortex Flashcards
1
Q
nucleus definition
A
collection of neuron cells bodies in the CNS
2
Q
tract definition
A
collection of axons in the CNS
3
Q
ganglia definition
A
collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
4
Q
cerebrum
A
- largest part of the brain
- controls higher mental functions (conscious thoughts and experience)
- processes somatic sensory and motor information
- divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres
5
Q
gray matter
A
cell bodies
6
Q
where is gray matter found
A
- cerebral cortex
- basal nuclei (ganglia)
- caudate nucleus
- lentiform nucleus
7
Q
white matter
A
- myelinated axons that connect cerebral cortex with other brain regions
- deep to cerebral cortex
- surrounds basal nuclei
8
Q
corpus callosum function
A
connects white matter of both hemispheres
9
Q
where is the cerebral cortex thickest
A
over the crest of the convolution
10
Q
where is the cerebral cortex thinnest
A
depth of sulci
11
Q
why does the brain have a folded surface
A
increases surface area
12
Q
gyri
A
elevated ridges
13
Q
sulci
A
shallow depressions
14
Q
fissures
A
deep grooves
15
Q
superior frontal gyrus
A
16
Q
longitudinal fissure
A
17
Q
middle frontal gyrus
A
18
Q
inferior frontal gyrus
A
19
Q
precentral gyrus
A
20
Q
postcentral gyrus
A
21
Q
central sulcus
A
22
Q
lateral sulcus
A
23
Q
fiber tracts in white matter
A
- commissural fibers
- association fibers
- projection fibers
24
Q
commissural fibers
A
connect cortices of right and left cerebral hemispheres
25
what is corpus callosum made of
commissural fibers
26
association fibers
connect regions of the cerebral cortex within one hemisphere
27
association fiber types
- short (arcuate) association fibers
- long (longitudinal) association fibers
28
short (arcuate) association fibers
connect adjacent gyri
29
long (longitudinal) association fibers
connect distant gyri of different lobes
30
projection fibers
fibers that leave the cerebral white matter
31
what forms the internal capsule
projection fibers
32
projection fiber types
- corticofugal
- corticopedal
33
corticofugal
- projection fibers
- terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord
34
corticopedal
originate in thalamus and terminate in cerebral cortex
35
cortex types of neurons
- pyramidal neurons
- non-pyramidal neurons
36
pyramidal neurons
- apical and basal dendrites
- dendritic spines
- elongated
- apical dendrite extends up to cortical surface
- projection neurons
- excitatory
- homogeneous
37
projection neurons
axons project from the cortex to the white matter
38
non-pyramidal neurons
- heterogenous group
- stellate and basket cell mainly
- small and multipolar
- axons stay in grey matter
- interneurons
- inhibitory
39
brodmann's area 17 (function and location)
- primary vision
- lateral occipital love
40
brodmann's area 1, 2, 3 (function and location)
- primary body sensation
- postcentral gyrus
41
brodmann's area 4 (function and location)
- primary motor
- precentral gyrus
42
brodmann's area 6 (function and location)
- secondary motor
- superior frontal
43
frontal lobe
- decision making
- voluntary movement control
- expressive language function
- mood, personality, judgement, motivation, and executive function
44
parietal lobe
processing sensory and spatial information
45
temporal lobe
- process memories and integrate them with emotion and the 5 senses
- auditory perception, discrimination, receptive language function
- olfaction and memory
46
occipital lobe
visual perception and reception
47
insular lobe
- taste afferent information
- somatic sensory and limbic function
- influences autonomic (visceral) function
48
three types of functional areas of the cerebral cortex
- motor areas
- sensory areas
- association areas
49
motor area of the cerebral cortex
- controls voluntary movement
- precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
50
sensory area of the cerebral cortex
- conscious awareness of sensation
- receives somatic sensory information (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, and temp)
- postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe
51
precentral gyrus features
- contralateral (right brain controls left body, etc.)
- disproportionate
- inverted
52
prefrontal cortex
- coordinates info from association areas
- in front of motor and premotor areas
- important in intellect, planning, reasoning, mood, abstract ideas, judgement, conscience, and accurately predicting consequences
53
association areas
- any brain region that receives input from more than one sensory modality
- abundance determines intellectual capacity
54
what do the association areas include
- parietal cortex
- temporal cortex
- frontal cortex
55
parietal cortex
attending stimuli in external and internal environment
56
temporal cortex
identifying the nature of the stimuli
57
frontal cortex
planning an appropriate response to stimuli
58
hemispheric lateralization
functional differences between left and right hemispheres
59
which hemisphere is dominant
left hemisphere
60
left hemisphere controls
reading, writing, math, decision-making, logic, speech, and language
61
right hemisphere
facial and voice recognition , affect, visual/spatial reasoning, emotion, artistic skill
