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anatomy lectures > the ventricles and CSF > Flashcards

the ventricles and CSF Flashcards

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1
Q

ventricles

A

connected internal cavities in the brain filled with CSF

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2
Q

CSF

A

protein rich fluid essential for brain function

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3
Q

lateral ventricles are in the __________________

A

prosencephalon

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4
Q

third ventricle is in the __________________

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

third ventricle is in the __________________

A

hindbrain

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6
Q

does CSF flow bilaterally

A

no, unilaterally

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7
Q

development of the ventricles

A
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8
Q

what does the brain develop from

A

neural tube

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9
Q

developmentally the brain consists of …

A
  • forebrain
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
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10
Q

forebrain parts

A
  • cerebrum
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
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11
Q

hindbrain parts

A
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • cerebellum
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12
Q

brainstem parts

A
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
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13
Q

primary divisions of the neural tube

A
  • prosencephalon
  • mesencephalon
  • rhombencephalon
  • spinal cord
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14
Q

prosencephalon subdivisions

A
  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
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15
Q

telencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • olfactory lobes
  • cerebral hemispheres
  • lateral ventricles
  • rostral portion of the 3rd ventricle
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16
Q

diencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • epithalamus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • infundibulum
  • most of the 3rd ventricle
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17
Q

mesencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • colliculi/corpora quadrigemini
  • cerebral peduncle
  • cerebral aqueduct
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18
Q

rhombencephalon subdivisions

A
  • metecephalon
  • myelencephalon
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19
Q

mesencephalon subdivisions

A

mesencephalon

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20
Q

metencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • 4th ventricle
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21
Q

myelencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • 4th ventricle
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22
Q

spinal cord subdivisions

A

spinal cord

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23
Q

spinal cord main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • spinal cord
  • central canal
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24
Q

two lateral ventricles communicate through the ___________________ ______________ __ _______ with the ______________ ________________

A

interventricular foramen (of Monro); third ventricle

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25
what makes up the body of the lateral ventricles
anterior, posterior, and inferior horns
26
roof of the lateral ventricles
under surface of the corpus callosum
27
floor of the lateral ventricles
- body of the caudate nucleus - lateral margin of the thalamus
28
medial wall of the lateral ventricles
septum pellucidum
29
anterior boundary of the lateral ventricles
anterior column of the fornix
30
posterior boundary of the lateral ventricle
the anterior end of the thalamus
31
what projects into the body of the ventricle
choroid plexus
32
in which lobe is the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles located
temporal
33
how do the lateral ventricles communicate
- separated by the septum pellucidum - do not communicate
34
how are the third and fourth ventricles connected
cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)
35
what bounds the third ventricle
thalamus and hypothalamus
36
what is the fourth ventricle continuous with
- the central canal - three foramina in its roof with the subarachnoid space
37
fourth ventricle foramen names and location
- foramen of Lushka (x2 lateral) - Magendie (x1 posterior)
38
terminal ventricle
small dilation at the inferior end of the central canal
39
CSF color
colorless
40
what is in CSF
- inorganic salts (similar to those found in blood plasma) - glucose - protein - lymphocytes
41
CSF pressure range
8-15 mmHg
42
total volume of CSF
135-150 mls
43
CSF functions
- protection - buoyancy - waste product excretion - endocrine medium for the brain
44
CSF function - protection
buffers the brain
45
CSF function - buoyancy
net weight of brain is reduced
46
CSF function - waste product excretion
one-way flow of CSF to the blood takes away potentially harmful metabolites, drugs, and substances
47
CSF function - endocrine medium for the brain
- transport hormones to entire brain - hormones released into CSF is carried to remote sites of the brain
48
where is CSF formed
- choroid plexuses of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles - ependyma surrounding capillaries and loose connective tissue
49
ependyma
cuboidal epithelial cells
50
how much CSF is produced daily
500 ml
51
plaque that causes Alzheimers
beta amyloid
52
how many times is CSF recycled and why
- 4x/day - clean out metabolites and toxins
53
into where does most CSF drain
into the blood through arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus
54
flow of CSF
the subarachnoid space through aperatures, into the cisterna magna (via lateral and medial aperatures)
55
what facilitates the flow of CSF
- pulsations of the cerebral and spinal arteries - vertebral column movements - respiration, coughing - changing body position
56
how does CSF flow into the bloodstream
small protrusions of the arachnoid through the dura mater into the venous sinuses of the brain
57
arachnoid villi job with CSF
one way valves, prevent backflow
58
what pressure gradient allows CSF to flow into the bloodstream
CSF pressure > venous pressure
59
hydrocephalus
a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal buildup of CSF in the ventricles
60
hydrocephalus causes
- overproduction of CSF - obstruction in the ventricular system - problems with CSF absorption
61
types of hydrocephalus
- communicating hydrocephalus - non-communicating hydrocephalus
62
communicating hydrocephalus
- full communication between ventricles and subarachnoid space - usually defective absorption of CSF - sometimes insufficient venous drainage - rarely CSF overproduction
63
non-communicating hydrocephalus
- lack of communication between ventricles and subarachnoid space - CSF flow is obstructed
64
how is hydrocephalus decompression achieved
insert a shunt that connects the ventricles to the jugular vein or the abdominal peritoneum
65
shunt
hollow tube surgically placed in the brain to help drain CSF
66
papilledema
swelling of the optic nerve
67
papilledema cause and result
- CSF pressure increase compresses the thin walls of the retinal vein as it crosses the subarachnoid space to enter the optic nerve - optic disc bulging forward and optic disc edema
68
what does persistent papilledema lead to
optic atrophy and blindness
69
what is CSF pressure increase usually caused by
- meningitis - increase in brain volume (edema, tumor, cerebral abscess, or hematoma)
70
cloudy CSF meaning
presence of polymorphonuclearleukocytes
71
polymorphonuclearleukocytes
excessive protein quantity
72
increase in white cells in CSF meaning
encephalitis
73
encephalitis
inflammation of the meninges
74
an increase in protein in CSF meaning
a change in vascular permeability allowing protein to get into CSF
75
blood in CSF meaning
contamination brought about by puncture of a vertebral vein by a spinal tap needle
76
xanthochromia definition
yellow coloration
77
xanthochromatic CSF meaning
presence of oxyhemaglobin in the fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage
78
spinal tap
spinal fluid is collected for testing

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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