peripheral & autonomic nervous system

Question 1

cns

Answer 1

• center of all mental activity (thoughts, learning, memory, sensory, perceptions, voluntary and involuntary motor control)
• keeps us in touch with external and internal environment
• regulate and maintain homeostasis with endocrine system

Question 2

sensory receptors

Answer 2

• detect internal or external stimuli and relay info toward CNS
• afferent neurons

Question 3

integrative receptors

Answer 3

• analysis, storage, decision making, perception
• interneurons

Question 4

motor receptors

Answer 4

• muscular contraction
• glandular secretion
• efferent neurons

Question 5

pns divisions

Answer 5

• afferent (sensory) division
• efferent (motor) division

Question 6

afferent division of pns

Answer 6

• sensory
• trasmits impulses from receptors to cns
• somatic and visceral afferent fibers

Question 7

somatic afferent fibers

Answer 7

• carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
• general senses: touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temp, proprioception
• special senses: hearing, equilibrium, vision

Question 8

visceral afferent fibers

Answer 8

• transmit impulses from visceral organs
• general senses: stretch, pain, temp, chemical changes, irritation in viscera, nausea, hunger
• special senses: taste smell

Question 9

efferent division of pns

Answer 9

• motor
• transmits impulses from cns to effector organs
• 2 subdivision: somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 10

efferent somatic nervous system

Answer 10

• pns efferent (motor) division
• provides conscious control of skeletal muscle

Question 11

efferent autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

• pns afferent (sensory) division
• parasympathetic and sympathetic
• regulates cardiac and smooth muscle, secretory glands

Question 12

pns definition

Answer 12

nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord that are not covered in meningeal layers

Question 13

which cranial nerves are in the midbrain

Answer 13

• CNI (olfactory)
• CN2 (optic)

Question 14

which cranial nerves are in the pons

Answer 14

CN4 (trochlear)

Question 15

how many cranial nerves are there

Answer 15

12

Question 16

where do all cranial nerves (except 1 and 2) attach

Answer 16

brainstem

Question 17

? pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 17

31

Question 18

spinal nerve pair name and number

Answer 18

• cervical (8)
• thoracic (12)
• lumbar (5)
• sacral (5)
• coccygeal (1)

Question 19

where do cervical spinal nerves exit

Answer 19

from the vertebral foramen above their respective cervical vertebrae

Question 20

where do thoracic spinal nerves exit

Answer 20

from the vertebral foramen below their respective thoracic vertebrae

Question 21

parasympathetic division

Answer 21

• rest and digest
• autonomic nervous system (efferent)
• routine maintenance
• acetylcholine

Question 22

sympathetic division

Answer 22

• fight, flight, freeze
• autonomic nervous system (efferent)
• mobilization
• increased metabolism
• norepinephrine

Question 23

difference between somatic and visceral sensory system (afferent)

Answer 23

• somatic: receptors are specifically localized
• visceral: receptors widely scattered (poor localization)

Question 24

ganglia

Answer 24

synaptic relay stations between neurons

Question 25

preganglionic neurons

Answer 25

- presynaptic neurons - located in CNS gray matter - axons synapse with postganglionic neurons

Question 26

postganglionic neurons

Answer 26

- postsynaptic neurons - located in autonomic ganglia - axons terminate in effector organs (smooth/cardiac muscle, glands)

Question 27

preganglionic axons exist spinal cord through ventral root and enter spinal nerve, exit spinal nerve via while matter communicating ramus, enter sympathetic trunk/chain, then ? (3 options)

Answer 27

1. synapse on postganglionic neuron in chain ganglion, return to spinal nerve and follow branch to the skin 2. ascend or descend within sympathetic trunl, synapse with a postganglionic neuron within a chain ganglion, return to spinal nerve at that level and follow branches to skin 3. enter sympathetic chain, pass through without synapsing, form a splachnic nerve that passes toward thoracic or abdominal organs; synapse in prevertebral ganglion in front of aorta; postganglionic axons follow arteries to organs

Question 28

types of ganglia

Answer 28

- sensory ganglia - autonomic ganglia

Question 29

sensory ganglia location

Answer 29

- in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves - on the ganglia of some cranial nerves

Question 30

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

Answer 30

- found on dorsal root of spinal nerves - transmit messages relating to pain, touch, temp from PNS to CNS

Question 31

sensory ganglia of cranial nerves

Answer 31

- found on ganglia of some cranial nerves - special sensory functions

Question 32

3 groups of autonomic ganglia

Answer 32

- sympathetic chain ganglia - prevertebral ganglia - parasympathetic ganglia

Question 33

sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 33

- sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia - 23 pairs

Question 34

sympathetic chain ganglia location

Answer 34

ventral and lateral to the spinal cord that extend from upper neck to coccyx

Question 35

sympathetic chain ganglia input from ?

Answer 35

lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Question 36

sympathetic chain ganglia relay info about ?

Answer 36

stress and danger

Question 37

prevertebral ganglia

Answer 37

- between sympathetic chain and target organ - carry sympathetic function but are NOT part of the sympathetic chain - innervate all abdominal and pelvic organs (excluding adrenal gland)

Question 38

parasympathetic ganglia location

Answer 38

in the cranial nerve nuclei and lateral horn of sacral spinal cord

Question 39

thoracolumbar system

Answer 39

- sympathetic nervous system - preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of gray matter from T1-L2 - postsynaptic neurons are in the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia - short preganglionic fibers - long postganglionic fibers - supplies every part of the body - causes: dry mouth, pupil dilation, increased hr and respiratory rate to increase O2 to skeletal muscle - when nervous, sweat and when excited, bp rises

Question 40

in thoracolumnbar system acetylcholine released by ?

Answer 40

preganglionic fibers

Question 41

in thoraculmnbar system, norepinephrine released by ?

Answer 41

postganglionic fibers

Question 42

craniosacral system

Answer 42

- parasympathetic nervous system - preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are in brain stem or sacral levels of the spinal cord - in lateral horn of grat matter from S2-S4 - long preganglionic fibers - short postganglionic fibers - supplies head, visceral cavities of the trunk, erectile tissues of the external genitalia - postsynaptic cell bodies are in the wall of the target organ

Question 43

craniosacral system cranial nerves

Answer 43

CNIII, VII, IX, X

Question 44

craniosacral system acetylcholine secreted by ?

Answer 44

preganglionic and postganglionic fibers

Question 45

cranial outflow (craniosacral system)

Answer 45

- increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract, decreases hr, causes bronchial constriction - CNIII constrict pupuls - CNVII tears, nasal mucus, saliva - CNIX parotid salivary gland - CNX stimulates digestive gland

Question 46

sacral outflow (craniosacral system)

Answer 46

- form pelvic splachnic nerves - supply 2nd half of large intestine - supply all pelvic (genitourinary) organs