cerebellum Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
weight
A
150 gms
2
Q
?% of adult brain
A
10
3
Q
location
A
- posterior cranial fossa
- tentorium cerebelli (cerebrum)
- 4th ventricle (brainstem)
4
Q
how does the cerebellum communicate with brainstem
A
superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles
5
Q
functions
A
- gait and balance
- coordination of movement
- precision and accuracy of movement
- motor learning and reflex modification
6
Q
longitudinal division gross anatomy
A
- vermis
- paravermal region
- cerebellar hemispheres
- primary fissure
- horizontal fissure
7
Q
vermis
A
8
Q
paravermis
A
9
Q
cererebellar hemispheres
A
10
Q
primary fissure
A
11
Q
horizontal fissure
A
12
Q
lobes
A
- anterior lobe
- posterior (middle) lobe
- flocculonodular lobe
13
Q
transverse division gross anatomy
A
- primary fissure
- posterolateral fissure
- secondary (postpyramidal) fissure
- horizontal fissure
- prepyramidal fissure
14
Q
primary fissure
A
15
Q
posterolateral fissure
A
16
Q
secondary (postpyramidal) fissure
A
17
Q
horizontal fissure
A
18
Q
prepyramidal fissure
A
19
Q
peduncles
A
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- midbrain
- internal capsule
- thalamus
- superior cerebellar peduncles
- middle cerebellar peduncles
- inferior cerebellar peduncles
20
Q
caudate nucleus
A
21
Q
putamen
A
22
Q
midbrain
A
.
23
Q
internal capsule
A
24
Q
thalamus
A
25
superior cerebellar peduncles
superior pons/midbrain
26
middle cerebellar peduncles
pons
27
inferior cerebellar peduncles
medulla
28
cerebrocerebellum
29
crus cerebri
30
substantial nigra
31
red nucleus
32
cerebral aqueduct
33
tectum
34
central lobule
35
culmen
36
declive
37
wing of the central lobule
38
quadrangular lobule
39
simple lobule
40
superior semilunar lobule
41
horizontal fissure
42
superior posterior fissure
43
primary fissure
44
posterior cerebellar fissure
45
interpeduncular fossa
46
pons
47
medulla oblangata
48
tonsilla cerebelli
49
uvula
50
pyramis
51
tuber vermis
52
biventer lobule
53
inferior semilunar lobule
54
vermis
55
cerebellar hemisphere
56
lobule rostral of the 4th ventricle is labeled ?
I
57
lobule caudal of the 4th ventricle is labeled ?
X
58
between lobes V and VI is the ?
primary fissure
59
primary fissure purpose
separates posterior lobe from anterior lobe
60
tonsils are clinically important due to ...
their proximity to the reticular formation
61
4 cerebellar nuclei
- dentate
- globose
- emboliform
- fastigial
62
dentate nucleus location
cerebellar hemisphere
63
globose nucleus location
paramedian zone
64
emboliform nucleus location
paramedian zone
65
fastigial nucleus location
vermis
66
interposed nuclei
- globose
- emboliform
67
cerebellar cortex 3 histology layers
- molecular
- purkinje
- granule
68
cerebellar cortex 5 cell types
- purkinje (-, EFF)
- granule (+, target of mossy)
- stellate (-. inhibit near purkinje)
- basket (-, inhibit distant purkinje)
- golgi (-, inhibit granule)
69
cerebellar cortex 2 fibers
- mossy fiber
- climbing fiber
70
mossy fiber
- (+)
- AFF from cortex, brainstem
- trigeminal nerve, vestibular nerve and nuclei, reticular nuclei and spinal cord (cuneate and gracile)
71
climbing fiber
- (+)
- AFF only from inferior olive
72
cerebellar circuitry (projections to the cerebellum)
73
input from frontal and parietal cortices is relayed to the ? via the ? to the cerebellar cortex via the ?
pons; pontocerebellar tract; middle cerebellar peduncle
74
sensory input from the vestibular nuclei, inferior olives, and the dorsal nuclei of Clark is relayed to the ? via the ?
cerebellar cortex; inferior cerebellar peduncles
75
cerebellar circuitry (projections from the cerebellum)
76
information sent to the fastigial nuclei exits via the cerebellum via the ? and is relayed to the ?
inferior cerebellar peduncle
vestibular nuclei
77
information sent to the globes, emboliform, and dentate nuclei exits the ? via the ? and is relayed to the ? and ?
cerebellum; superior cerebellar peduncle
thalamus; motor cortex
78
functional divisions
- vestibulocerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- cerebrocerebellum
79
vestibulocerebellum function
- influences vestibulospinal tracts that control postural muscles
- influences the vestibulo-ocular reflex
- regulates balance and reflex eye movements
- maintain equilibrium
80
spinocerebellum function
- paramedian zone: influences lateral muscles (limbs)
- vermis: influences axial muscles and facial/tongue muscles
- adjust ongoing movements and controls muscle tone
- stance, gait, tells the CNS about proprioception
81
cerebrocerebellum function
- influences corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts to regulate complex movement
- influences cerebellum for motor learning
- tells cerebellum what the cortex is doing or planning to do
- planning and initiation of skilled movements, smooth and precise control
82
vestibulocerebellum afferents (from vestibular apparatus and nuclei; from primary visual cortex and superior colliculus)
- via inferior peduncle from vestibular apparatus and nuclei
- via middle peduncle from primary visual cortex and superior colliculus
83
vestibulocerebellum efferents (to vestibular nuclei)
via inferior peduncle to vestibular nuclei
84
spinocerebellum afferents (from spinal cord)
via inferior peduncle from spinal cord (somatotopic organization)
85
spinocerebellum efferents (to motor cortex)
- paramedian zone: interposed nuclei -> superior cerebellar peduncle -> re nucleus -> thalamus -> motor cortex
- vermis: fastigial nucleus -> superior cerebellar peduncle -> vestibular nuclei/reticular formation/motor cortex
86
cerebrocerebellum afferents
via middle peduncle from cortex and pontine nucleus (corticopontine tract)
87
cerebrocerebellum efferents (to motor cortex)
dentate nucleus -> superior peduncle -> red nucleus -> thalamus -> motor cortex
88
superior cerebellar peduncle function
primary output pathway from the deep cerebellar nuclei
89
middle cerebellar peduncle function
input pathway from the cerebral cortex
90
inferior cerebellar peduncle function
- input from the spinal cord, brainstem and inferior olive
- output to the brainstem
91
cerebellum displays ? control
- ipsilateral
- controls movement on the same side of body since all pathways project ipsilaterally, bilaterally, or double cross
92
dysfunction causes
- physical trauma
- interruption of blood supply/stroke (AICA, PICA)
- alcoholism (affects purkinje cells in anterior lobe)
- tumors/cancer (degeneration of Purkinje cells)
93
dysfunction clinical presentation
(DANISH)
- dysdiadochokinesia
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- intention tremot
- scanning speech
- hypotonia
94
dysfunction clinical presentation associated with ...
damage to the cerebrocerebellum and spinocerebellu, as these areas function to carry out skilled planned movments
95
dysdiadochokinesia
- the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements
- fast finger tapping, opening and closing of the fists, and foot tapping
96
ataxia
lack of coordination
97
nystagmus
a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements
98
intention tremor
a rhythmic, oscillatory, and high amplitude tremor during a directed and purposeful motor movement, worsening before reaching the endpoint
99
scanning speech
- abnormal pattern of speech
- there is a pause after every syllable, and the syllables themselves are pronounced slowly
100
hypotonia
decreased muscle tone
101
in dysfunction, unilateral lesions produce ?
ipsilateral symptoms
