Blood Vessels

Question 1

What are the 3 types of blood vessels in the body

Answer 1

Artery, vein, and capillary

Question 2

Artery

Answer 2

-Take blood away from the heart
- have thick elastic walls that can stretch t withstand high pressure
- has a pulse
- form smaller vessels called arterioles which connect to the capillary
- carotid artery in your neck and has a pulse

Question 3

Vein

Answer 3

-Takes blood from the body to the heart
- thin walled with valves for one way flow (thinner than arteries)
- divide into smaller vessels called venules
- not elastic

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

• connect arteries and veins
• diameter is one cell thick
• are the smallest blood vessels and are spread through the body in a network
• where gasses and other materials are transferred from the blood to tissues and vice versa

Question 6

Regulating temperature

Answer 6

• blood vessels supplying blood to the skin can dilate or constrict
• of you are exercising more heat is carried to the skin so it can be released to the air ( sweat )
• if it is cold your blood vessels constrict reducing heat loss through the skin and you shiver

Question 7

Blood pathway in vessels

Answer 7

Heart- aorta- arteries- arterioles- capillaries- venules- veins- vena cava- heart

• arterioles and venules are just smaller versions of arteries and veins

Question 8

Varicose veins

Answer 8

• raised veins due to damaged valves and stretched walls
• blood pools and bunches in veins
• prolonged standing can cause this

Question 9

Blood pressure

Answer 9

The force of blood against the artery walls during ventricular contraction ( systole ) and during ventricular relaxation ( diastole )

Blood pressure = systole/diastole average is 120/80

140/90 is considered high blood pressure

• diastole is most important because it determines the pressure on arteries when ventricles are relaxed, measured using a spygmomanometer, measured in mm Hg

Question 10

Factors affecting blood pressure

Answer 10

• heart rate- high HR = high BP
• blood vessel size - narrower = high BP

Question 11

Hypertension- the silent killer

Answer 11

• high blood pressure ( 140/90 )
• caused by increased resistance to blood flow
• blood vessels weaken and may rupture
• body compensates by increasing support provided by connective tissues
• arteries become hard
• it is called the silent killer because you often do not know you have problems until you get a heart attack or stroke

Question 12

Causes of hypertension

Answer 12

1. Heredity
2. Diet- excess salt and high fat

Question 13

Hypotension

Answer 13

• blood pressure is too low and is caused by dehydration, severe bleeding, inflammation of internal organs, and drug toxicity
• when you have low blood pressure you will feel dizzy and fatigue

Question 14

Blood speed

Answer 14

• Blood travels slowest in the capillaries, allows all the nutrients to be picked up
• blood travels fastest in the arteries and decreased from arteries to veins to capillaries
• blood has the highest pressure in the arteries and decreases from arteries to capillaries to veins