Getetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

• the science of gene function inheritance

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

-Long, thin strands of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins
- x shaped is created when copies attach at some point
- humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 in total, this is called the human karyotype

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

• 1 set from each parent
• a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• some genes are dominant others recessive

Question 4

Human karyotype

Answer 4

• all of the chromosomes matched to their pair is a karyotype
• 3 features used to identify pairs is length, pattern of dark bands, and position of centromere
• the last 2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes

Question 5

Amniocentesis

Answer 5

• a prenatal test done to look at the karyotype of an unborn child
• a small amount of amniotic fluid is drawn out of the fetus with a needle

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

All cells except for the sex cells replicate by dividing into 2
- parent cell- original cell
Daughter cells are the two new identical cells
- each cell has 2 copies of each chromosome
- asexual reproduction

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

• two stage form of cell division
• reproductive cells are used to reproduce sexually with only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell
• parent cell is diploid
• daughter cell is haploid

Question 9

Crossing over

Answer 9

Creates completely new combination of traits in next generation

Question 10

Fertilization

Answer 10

• the sperm and egg are each haploid, the fertilized egg is diploid and can reproduce through mitosis
• crossing over improves the variation possible in the gametes, explains why two siblings look so different

Question 11

Selective breeding

Answer 11

• used to improve demostic variations of plants and animals where you chose desirable traits to reproduce

Question 12

Inheritance

Answer 12

• inherited traits are passed to offspring
• acquired traits are not

Question 13

Alleles

Answer 13

An alternate form of a gene responsible for a trait example tongue rolling
- individuals have two alleles for every trait located on chromosomes
- when the chromosome separates during meiosis, 1 allele is passed to each gamete

Question 14

Dominance theory

Answer 14

• dominant traits are able to mask recessive one, only need one dominant for the dominant trait to be shown
• recessive needs to recessive alleles

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

• two identical copies of an allele, either tt or TT

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Two different copies of an allele Tt

Question 17

Genotype

Answer 17

The genes that an individual has. TT, tt, Tt

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

The observable traits a person has, tall or short