Blood vessels: upper limb

Question 1

flow of arteries from subclavian:

Answer 1

axillary -> brachial -> ulnar and radial -> together: superficial and deep palmar arch -> digital arteries

Question 2

where does subclavian artery become axillary?

Answer 2

lateral margin of rib 1

Question 3

axillary artery: first part

Answer 3

proximal to insertion of pec major

Question 4

axillary artery: second part

Answer 4

posterior to pec minor

Question 5

axillary artery: third part

Answer 5

distal to pec minor

Question 6

where does axillary artery become brachial artery:

Answer 6

inferior margin of teres major

Question 7

axillary major branches: 1st part

Answer 7

superior thoracic-> medial/ anterior axilla walls

Question 8

axillary major branches: 2nd part

Answer 8

thoroco-acromial: pectoral, deltoid, clavicular, acromial branches

lateral thoracic: medial/ anterior axilla walls, female breast

Question 9

axillary major branches: 3rd part

Answer 9

subscapular:
posterior axilla wall and posterior scapular region -> divides into circumflex scapular aa, thoracodorsal aa

anterior circumflex humeral + posterior circumflex humeral = anastomose

Question 10

brachial major branches: profunda brachii

Answer 10

supplies posterior com

Question 11

brachial major branches: humeral nutrient artery

Answer 11

passes into foramen on anteromedial surface of humeral shaft

Question 12

brachial major branches: radial and middle collateral arteries

Answer 12

branches of profunda brachii

Question 13

brachial major branches: superior and inferior ulnar collateral

Answer 13

contribute to network around the elbow joint

Question 14

to remember axillary artery branches:

Answer 14

Send The Lord To Say A Prayer:

• superior thoracic
• thoracoacromial
• lateral thoracic
• subscapular
• anterior circumflex humeral
• posterior circumflex humeral

Question 15

cords of brachial plexus closely related to which part of axillary artery?

Answer 15

2nd part

Question 16

list vessels in cubital fossa:

Answer 16

• brachial artery
• radial artery
• ulnar artery

(more info on slide)

Question 17

major arterial branches in forearm: radial

Answer 17

• radial recurrent : anastomosis at elbow, supplies lateral forearm muscles
• palmar and dorsal carpal branches
• many ‘muscular arteries’

BEST muscles:

• brachioradialis
• extensors
• supinator
• triceps

Question 18

major arterial branches in forearm: ulnar

Answer 18

• ulnar recurrent: with anterior and posterior branches, cont to anastomosis around elbow
• common interosseous: divides into ant/post branches
  JOINS: posterior interosseous (for post com muscles) + anterior interosseous (deep ant and post com)
• palmar and dorsal carpal branches (forms arches with radial branches of same name)
• many ‘muscular’ arteries

Question 19

major branches in hand: radial

Answer 19

• superficial palmar branch
• dorsal carpal branch
• first dorsal metacarpal artery (supplies adjacent sides of index finger and thumb)
• princeps pollicis artery (major supply to thumb)
• radialis indicis artery (for lateral side of index finger from same point of PPA above)
• deep palmar arch: (3 palmar metacarpal arteries, 3 perforating branches that joint the dorsal metacarpal arteries from the dorsal carpal arch)

Question 20

major branches in hand: ulnar

Answer 20

• superficial palmar arch: palmar digital artery (on medial side of pinky) 3 common palmar digital arteries (joined by palmar metacarpal arteries from deep palmar arch)-> bifurcate into proper palmar digital arteries to the fingers
• deep palmar branch

Question 21

2 sets of veins:

Answer 21

superficial and deep

Question 22

features: superficial veins

Answer 22

• lie in superficial fascia
• variable pattern
• do not accompany arteries

Question 23

features: deep veins

Answer 23

• lie deep to deep fascia
• more valves than superficial veins
• accompany arteries, usually as PAIRS of veins (venae comitantes)

Question 24

flow of venous drainage from: superficial posterior surface of hand to anterior forearm superficial

Answer 24

dorsal digital - dorsal metacarpal - dorsal venous network (dorsal venous arch) - accessory cephalic/ cephalic/ basilic - brachial/ axillary - subclavian

Question 25

flow of venous drainage from: superficial anterior hand and forearm

Answer 25

palmar digital - palmar venous plexus - median antebrachial - basilic/ median cubital - brachial - axillary - subclavian

Question 26

flow of venous drainage from: deep veins in anterior surface of forearm, each paired- palmar metacarpal

Answer 26

palmar metacarpal - palmar deep venous arch - radial - brachial - axillary - subclavian

Question 27

flow of venous drainage from: deep veins in anterior surface of forearm, each paired- proper palmar digital

Answer 27

proper palmar digital - common palmar digital - superficial palmar venous arch - ulnar - brachial - axillary - subclavian

Question 28

superficial lymphatics found:

Answer 28

skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 29

deep lymphatic vessels:

Answer 29

accompany deep arteries and veins

Question 30

superficial and deep lymphatics drain into lymphatic trunks:

Answer 30

- lumbar, - intestinal, - bronchomediastinal - subclavian - jugular

Question 31

lymphatic trunks drain into:

Answer 31

thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct

Question 32

what drains into thoracic duct:

Answer 32

body inferior to diaphragm and LHS body superior to diaphragm. - from L2 -> left subclavian vein

Question 33

what drains into right lymphatic duct:

Answer 33

all right side superior to diaphragm. | - into right subclavian vein

Question 34

main lymph nodes (7):

Answer 34

- cervical - axillary - popliteal - inguinal - thoracic - abdominal - GIT

Question 35

list first 3 axillary groups of lymph nodes

Answer 35

- pectoral - subscapular - humeral

Question 36

lymph node: pectoral

Answer 36

medial wall: drain anterior thoracic wall, breast

Question 37

lymph node: subscapular

Answer 37

posterior: drain posterior thorax and scapula

Question 38

lymph node: humeral

Answer 38

lateral wall: drains upper limb except vessels near cephalic vein

Question 39

first 3 lymph nodes drain into:

Answer 39

- central: deep to pec major then- - apical: drains vessels around cephalic vein

Question 40

apical lymph nodes drain to:

Answer 40

subclavian lymphatic trunks - right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 41

right apical nodes to:

Answer 41

R subclavian trunk - right lymphatic duct. joins blood vessels at junction of R subclavian and R internal jugular veins at root of neck

Question 42

left apical nodes to:

Answer 42

L subclavian trunk - thoracic duct at base of neck. joins blood vessels at junction of L subclavian and L internal jugular veins at root of neck

Question 43

most imaging of upper limb blood vessels via: function

Answer 43

ultrasound: - detects anatomical variants - can measure blood flow

Question 44

angiography:

Answer 44

also performed: | - x-ray of blood vessels seen through injection of dye to outline vessels on x-ray