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2. HLTH 109 > Muscles of back > Flashcards

Muscles of back Flashcards

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1
Q

list the two categories of back muscles:

A
  • intrinsic

- extrinsic

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2
Q

list extrinsic classifications and why:

A
  • superficial
  • intermediate

originate from locations other than the back

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3
Q

list intrinsic classifications and why:

A
  • deep

originate in the back

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4
Q

superficial muscles: general

A
  • move upper limb
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5
Q

intermediate muscles:

A
  • attach to the ribs -> respiratory function

- 2 thin muscles sheets in sup/inf regions of back

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6
Q

deep muscles:

A
  • move vertebral column and head
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7
Q

list muscles of superficial extrinsic

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • levator scapulae
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8
Q

list muscles of intermediate extrinsic

A
  • serratus posterior superior

- serratus posteror inferior

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9
Q

list organisations of muscles in deep group:

A

superficial -> deep

  • spinotransversales
  • erector spinae
  • transversospinales
  • suboccipital
  • segmental
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10
Q

name muscles in spinotransversales:

A
  • splenius capitis

- splenius cervicis

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11
Q

name muscles in erector spinae:

A
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
  • spinalis
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12
Q

name muscles in transversospinales:

A
  • semispinalis
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
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13
Q

name muscles in suboccipital:

A
  • rectus capitis posterior major/ minor

- obliquus capitis superior/ inferior

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14
Q

name muscles in segmental:

A
  • intertransversarii
  • interspinales
  • levatores costarum
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15
Q

where can the thoracolumbar fascia be found:

A

btw extrinsic intermediate and deep groups of muscles

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16
Q

superficial muscles: extrinsic features

A
  • immediately deep to skin and superficial fascia

- primarily involved in movement of appendicular skeleton (clavicle, scapula, humerus)

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17
Q

trapezius: origin

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes C7-T12
  • supraspinous ligs
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18
Q

trapezius: insertion

A
  • superior edge of spine of scapula
  • post border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
  • acromion
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19
Q

trapezius: innervation

A
  • accessory n

- C3-4

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20
Q

trapezius: action

A
  • elevate
  • depress
  • retract
  • rotate scapula
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21
Q

latissimus dorsi: origin

A
  • spinous processes T6-T12
  • interspinous ligs
  • thoracolumbar fascia - SP of lumbar vertebrae and interspinous ligs
  • iliac crest
  • lower 3-4 ribs
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22
Q

latissimus dorsi: insertion

A
  • floor of bicipital groove
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23
Q

latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

thoracodorsal n

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24
Q

latissimus dorsi: action

A
  • adduction
  • medial rotation
  • ext of arm at the shoulder
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25
levator scapulae: origin
TVP C1-4
26
levator scapulae: insertion
- medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine
27
levator scapulae: innervation
- dorsal scapular n | - C3-4
28
levator scapulae: action
elevates scapula
29
rhomboid minor: origin
- ligamentum nuchae | - SP C7- T1
30
rhomboid minor: insertion
- medial border at root of spine
31
rhomboid minor: innervation
- dorsal scapular n
32
rhomboid minor: action
elevates and retracts scapula
33
rhomboid major: origin
SP T2-5
34
rhomboid major: insertion
- medial border from spine root to inferior angle
35
rhomboid major: innervation
- dorsal scapular n
36
rhomboid major: action
elevates and retracts scapula
37
serratus posterior superior/ inferior: innervation
anterior rami thoracic nerves (lower and upper)
38
serratus posterior superior/ inferior: action
- elevates ribs 2-5: superior | - depresses ribs 9-12: inferior
39
thoracolumbar fascia: general features
- covers deep muscles of back and trunk - organises layers - contributes to integrity
40
thoracolumbar fascia orientation: superiorly
- ant to serratus post/ sup | - continuous with superficial lamina of investing layers of cervical fascia
41
thoracolumbar fascia orientation: medially
attaches to SP thoracic vertebra
42
thoracolumbar fascia orientation: laterally
angles of ribs
43
intrinsic muscles: deep features
- extend from pelvis to skull | - innervated by segmental branches of post rami of spinal nerves
44
muscles: extensors/ rotators of head and neck
spinotransversales: - splenius capitis - splenius cervicis
45
muscles: extensors and rotators of vertebral column
- erector spinae | - transversospinales
46
muscles: short segmentals
- interspinales | - intertranversarii
47
spinotransversales: features and eg
both: - bilateral contraction = ext - ipsilateral contraction = head rotation to same side - splenius capitis - splenius cervicis
48
erector spinae: general features
- largest group of intrinsic back muscles | - covered in thoracic/ lumbar region by thoracolumbar fascia, serratus post inferior, rhomboids, splenius muscles
49
erector spinae: classifications
columns - lateral - middle - medial regions: (by superior attachment) - lumborum - thoracis - cervicis - capitis
50
erector spinae: muscles of each column
- lateral: iliocostalis - middle: longissimus - medial: spinalis
51
erector spinae: regions of lateral muscle
- iliocostalis lumborum - ilicostalis thoracis - iliocostalis cervicis
52
erector spinae: regions of middle muscle
- longissimus thoracis - longissimus cervicis - longissimus capitis
53
erector spinae: regions of medial muscle
- spinalis thoracis - spinalis cervicis - spinalis capitis
54
transversospinales: general features
- start laterally and TVP -> oblique and upward to SP - fill grove btw TVP and SP major subgroups: - semispinalis - multifidis - rotatores
55
transversospinales: semispinalis
- most superficial - thoracic and cervical regions - cross 4-6 verteral segments
56
transversospinales: multifidis
- deep to semispinalis - entire length of vertebral column - most developed in lumbar - cross 2-4 vertebral segments
57
transversospinales: rotatores
- smallest, deepest - span entire length of vertebral column - most developed in thoracic - short rotator: cross 1 vertebral segment long rotator; - cross 2 vertebral segments
58
transversospinales: common muscles action
- bilateral contraction: extension | - unilateral contraction: contralateral rotation (trunk/ head rotation to OPPOSITE side to contraction)
59
transversospinales: muscles action exception
except semispinalis capitis: - more lateral attachment to skull - bilateral contraction - unilateral contraction: extension and ipsilateral rotation (chin superiorly and rotates same side)
60
segmental: features
- deep in back - span one motion segment 2 groups: - levatores costarum - interspinales + intertransversarii
61
segmental: group 1
- levatores costarum - oblique lateral and down - inserts into rib below vertebra og - elevate ribs
62
segmental: group 2
- true segmental muscles - postural muscles - stabilise adjoining vertebra during movements of spine - allow more effective movement of larger muscles group
63
segmental: group 2 muscles found where
interspinales: - btw adjacent SP intertransversarii: - btw adjacent TVP
64
suboccipital: features
- small group of muscles - btw C1/2 and occiput - move the head
65
segmental: muscles
bilaterally - rectus capitis post major - rectus capitis post minor - obliquus capitis inferior - obliquus capitis superior
66
suboccipital triangle: formed by
subocciptal muscles
67
suboccipital triangle: medial border
rectus capitis posterior major
68
suboccipital triangle: lateral border
obliquus capitis superior
69
suboccipital triangle: inferior border
obliquus capitis inferior
70
suboccipital triangle: contents
- post ramus C1 | - vertebral artery and veins
71
name prevertebral muscles: scalenes
scalenes: - post scalene - middle scalene - anterior scalene
72
name prevertebral muscles: others
- rectus capitis anterior - rectus capitis lateralis - longus colli superior/ inferior - longus capitis
73
arteries that supply vertebra arise from:
- vertebral and ascending cervical aa | - segmental aa in trunk
74
segmental aa detailed:
- thorax: post intercostal aa - abdomen: subcostal and lumbar aa - pelvis: iliolumbar and lateral and median sacral aa
75
what branches arise from segmental arteries once crossing ext surface of vertebra:
- periosteal | - equatorial branches
76
spinal branches enter IVF and divide:
- segmental (radicular) medullary aa - ant vertebral canal branch - post vertebral canal branch
77
venous drainage:
- internal vertebral venous plexus | - external vertebral venous plexus
78
basivertebral veins:
- form within vertebral bodies - emerge through foramina - drain into ant external/ internal vertebral venus plexuses -> large longitudinal sinuses
79
interverterbral veins:
- receive veins from spinal cord, vertebral venous plexus drain into: - neck (vertebral v) - trunk (intercostal/ lumbar/ sacral)

2. HLTH 109 (29 decks)

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